Exhaustive Index of
FLARE STAR (2007)
PRIMORDIAL STAR (2009)
by Dwardu Cardona
* *
This complete index of Dwardu Cardona’s works is intended as a tool to make cross-referencing easier for the researcher, by simply using the browser’s Search function.
All books can be purchased on Abebooks.co.uk, Amazon.com, Amazon.co.uk and other online bookstores.
A compendium of the hypotheses that outline the views expressed in Dwardu Cardona's work can be downloaded here (pdf, 131 Kb)
* * [GS]: God Star · [FS]: Flare Star · [PS] Primordial Star * * A Aa (see Ea) Aai, 237 [FS] Abbé Breuil (illustrations after), 188, 190, 191, 201 [FS] ABC News, 369 [FS] Aberdeenshire, 84 [FS] Abery, Jill, 185, 315 [GS], 360, 377 [FS], 41 [PS] Aborigines (Australian), 441 [GS], 45 [PS], 401 ff.,
469 [FS] Abraham (Abram), 118-120, 132 [FS] Abydos, 78, 230 [GS] Abyss, 417 [GS] abyss, celestial (see deep, the) [FS] acacia, 473 [FS] Académie des
Inscriptions, 65 [GS] Académie des Sciences, 83 [GS] accelerators, particle, 167, 169 [PS] accretion disks (see also circumpolar disks, nebular disks,
placental cloud), 265, 266, 426, 428, 469-471, 477-479 [GS] Achaeans, 28 [GS] Achala, 231 [FS] Achenbach, Joel, 249, 250 [PS] Acheson, Amy, 241 [PS], 440 [FS] Achilles, 16 [GS] Achomawi, 208, 389 [FS] acid rain, 201 [PS] Ackerman, Andrew, 9, 272 [PS] Acropolis (Athenian), 3, 8,
10 [GS] actinic radiation (see ultraviolet radiation) [PS] Acts (of the Apostles), 205 [GS] Acts of Thomas, 137 [FS] Adam, 448 [GS] adamant, 434 [FS] Adelaide, 404 [FS] Adenosine triphosphate, 15 [PS] Adhémar, Joseph Alphonse, 14, 16 [FS] Aditya, 169 [GS] Adoil (Idoil), 283, 284 [GS] Adoil, Idoil, 299, 305, 309 [FS] Adon, 448 [GS] Adovasio, James, 204 [FS] Adriatic Sea & seaboard, 239, 442 [FS] Aegean Sea, 442 [FS] AEON, 73, 346, 462 [GS], 98 [PS] Æsir, 272, 457 [GS] Afghanis, 151 [GS] Afghanistan, 94 [FS] Africa, Africans (see also South Africa), 14, 28, 38, 173-176, 200,
240, 252, 280, 371, 374, 443, 492 [GS], 67, 142, 147, 173-174, 180, 248,
253, 306 [PS], 8, 10, 11, 19, 72-73, 179, 182, 196, 206, 208, 220, 222,
241, 275, 308, 365, 391, 408, 417, 438, 440, 444, 451-452, 454,
482-484 [FS] Agamemnon, 16 [GS] Agassiz, Louis, 101 [GS], 2-3, 8, 75 [FS], 262,
263 [PS] Ager, Derek V., 444, 463, 467-468 [FS], 33, 35, 38 [PS] Agogino, George, 446 [FS] agriculture, 129, 131 [PS], 193, 195, 489 [FS] Ahaz, 118 [FS] Ahi-Yami, 123 [FS] Ahnighito meteorite, 442 [FS] Ahrens, Thomas, 198 [PS] Ahura Mazda, 145 [FS] Aikin, A. C., 371 [FS] Ainu, 421 [FS] Aion, 307, 308, 312, 449 [GS] Aiyegbusi, Omotayo (illustration by), 281 [GS] Aja Ekapad (see Ekapada) [GS],
236 [FS] Akebur, 269 [GS] Akersten, William, 67 [PS] Akhnaton, 212 [GS] Akilia Island, 19 [PS] Akkad, Akkadian, 113, 138 [FS],
115 [GS] Alabama Geological Survey,
74 [FS] Alaska, 185-186, 237, 251-253, 255-257,
264, 286, 311 [PS], 201, 276, 354, 368 [GS], 6, 52, 78, 80-82, 182,
189, 205, 381, 410, 444, 445 [FS] Alaska, University of, 252 [PS] Alatri, 442 [GS] Alberta, 407 [GS], 431, 457 [FS], 47, 56, 60-61, 218,
222 [PS] Alberta, Provincial Museum of, 61 [PS] Albertosaurus, 117, 119 [PS] Al-Biruni, 151, 196, 204 [GS] Albright, William Foxwell, 31, 129, 212-213,
225 [GS], 119, 122 [FS] alchemy, 97, 137 [GS] alder, 265 [PS], 364 [GS] Aleutian Islands, 264 [PS] Alexander (the Great), 21, 119 [GS], 212 [FS] Alexander Polyhistor, 476, 480 [FS] Alexander, A. F. O’D, 124, 129 [GS] Alexander, R. McNeill (see under McNeill) Alexandria, 298, 400 [FS], 62 [PS], 96, 97, 102, 104, 137,
222, 446 [GS] Alexandria, library of, 96 [GS] Alfvén, Hannes, 272-273, 276-277, 285, 287, 295, 328-329, 335-336,
364, 372, 375, 490 [FS], 424, 426, 472, 474, 478, 480, 481,
488-489 [GS], 74, 77-80, 279, 290, 298, 335 [PS] algae, 13 [FS], 18-20, 208 [PS], 294, 297 [GS] Algeria, 73, 407, 426 [FS] Algonkians, 210 [FS] Algonquins, 276, 277 [GS] alkaloids, 188 [PS] Allah, 136 [FS], 225, 274 [GS] Allan, Derek Scott, 61, 63-75, 78, 80, 81, 84, 87, 337, 342, 409,
417-418, 431, 470 [FS], 65, 262, 265 [PS] Allan, J. A., 181 [PS] Allan, Tony, 98, 401-403 [FS] Allegheny Observatory, 332 [GS] Allègre, Claude, 269 [PS] Allen, D. A., 155 [GS] Allen, Lynne, 436 [FS] Allen, Philip, 13 [FS] Alley, Richard, 387, 489 [FS] alligators, 101, 237 [PS], 158 [FS], 365, 366,
372 [GS] Allosaurus, 102, 107 [PS] Almagest (Syntaxis), 96 ff., 115 [GS] Alpert, Mark, 268, 270, 272 [PS] Alphard, 56 [GS] Alphonsus (lunar crater), 246 [PS] Alps, 142, 200, 262 [PS], 2, 17, 30, 66,
417-418 [FS] Alroy, John, 466 [FS] Altai mountains, 418 [FS] Altamira Cave, 184-185, 189, 201 [FS] altruism, 177, 253 [FS] Altshuler, Douglas, 23-24 [PS] aluminum-26, 342-343 [FS] Alvarez, Luis, 195-198, 215, 220, 223, 228,
230, 231 [PS], 74, 75 [GS] Alvarez, Walter, 195-198, 205, 212, 218, 220, 228, 231 [PS] Álvaro Obregón, 205 [PS] Alyattes, 106 [GS] AM Herculis, 333 [FS] ’Amân (’Amin ), 208 [GS] Amargasaurus, 350 [PS] Amarnath (Himalayan Peak), 245 [FS] Amazon, 339, 365 [GS] Ambarzumian, Viktor, 472 [GS] amber, 182 [FS] Amen (see Amon) [GS] Amentet, 237 [FS], 443 [GS] America, Americas (see also United States, North America, Central
America & South America), 52, 81, 190, 265 [FS], 90, 241, 315, 384,
435 [GS], 129, 142 [PS] American Geophysical Union, 225 [PS] American Indians (see also Amerinds), 196, 276 ff. [GS] American Institute of Physics, 350 [FS] American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 177 [FS] American Midwest, 6 [FS] American Museum of Natural History, 103, 183 [PS],
442 [FS] American Ultramar Ltd., 61 [PS] Amerinds & paleoamerinds (see also under individual tribal
names), 67-68, 98, 139, 151, 186, 190, 208, 371, 389, 421 ff., 437, 449, 450, 454, 456, 458-459, 460-461,
472 [FS] Ames Research Center, 159, 190 [GS], 9 [PS] Amidon, 47 [PS] ’Amin (see ’Amân) amino acid(s), 17, 200, 343, 349 [PS] Amma, 272, 280, 457 [GS], 275, 278 [FS] Amma’s Pillar, 276 [FS] Ammi (see Hammu) Ammizaduqa, 207 [GS] Ammizaduqa, Tablets of (see Ninsianna
Tablets) ammonia, 15, 17, 269, 343 [PS] ammonites, 180, 181, 182,
209 [PS] ’Amnon, 210 [GS] Amon (Amen, Amun), 78, 80 [GS] Amon-Ra, Ammon-Ra (Amen-Ra), 231, 267,
320 [GS] Amorite Dynasty, 207 [GS] Amorites, 122 [FS] Amos (Book
of), 206 ff. [GS] Amos, 205 ff. [GS] amphibians, 211 [PS], 34 [FS] Amsterdam Island, 358 [FS] Amun (see Amon) An, Anu (see also Anu), 128, 167-168,
224-225, 229 [GS], 64-65, 125, 142, 302 [FS] Anahid (see Anahita) Anahita (Anahid, Anaitis), 31, 33,
35 [GS] Anaitis (see Anahita) Anak Krakatau, 418 [FS] Anat (see Anath) Anath (Anat), 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 37 [GS] Anaxagoras, 102, 105, 113 [GS], 109 [FS], 343 [PS] Anchorage, 410 [FS] Anders, Edward, 200 [PS], 429-430, 432 [FS] Anderson, Don, 397-398, 399, 401, 403 [GS] Anderson, I., 321 [PS] Anderson, John, 398-399 [FS] Andes, 3, 25, 30, 68, 407, 426-427 [FS], 314-315, 316 [PS], 338 [GS] Andrews, Jean, 399-401 [GS] Anequin, Guy, 88 [GS] angels, 244 [FS], 434 [GS] Anglo-Australian telescope, 355 [PS] angular momentum, 3 [PS],
374 [FS] Angus, J. C., 430 [FS] Annals of Cuauhtitlan, 64 [PS] Annu (see Heliopolis) annular rings (see tree rings) anpetu-wi, 139 [FS] Ant Nebula, 331 [PS] Antarctic Earth Sciences, International Symposium of, 254 [PS] Antarctic Ocean, 317 [PS] Antarctic, Antarctica, 19, 26, 180, 254-255, 257-258, 262, 280, 295,
306, 307, 316-318, 318, 319-322, 324-325, 325-326, 337, 343 [PS], 255, 293, 294, 354, 368-369, 371-372,
374-380 [GS], 3, 5, 8, 10, 19, 23, 24, 25, 28-30, 33, 34, 47, 73-74,
405-406, 409, 430, 489 [FS] antelopes, 168, 444 [FS] Antevs, E., 162 [FS] anthracite (see coal) Anthropozoic (see Quarternary period) Anticosti Island, 208 [PS] antigravity, 149 [PS] antimony, 286 [GS] Anu (see also An), 128, 167-168, 225, 229 [GS] Apache, 432 [GS] Apai, Dániel, 492 [FS] apatite, 184 [PS] Apatosaurus, 92 [PS] apes, 349 [PS] Aphaca, 81 [GS] Aphrodite (Aphrodit), 33, 47, 52, 54,
56, 76, 78, 80 [GS], 105 [FS] Apocalypse of Adam, The, 63 [PS] Apollo asteroids, 197 [PS] Apollodorus, 26 [GS] Apollonius of Myndus, 112 [FS],
115 [GS] Apollonius Rhodius, 28 [GS] Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, 339 [FS] Apsu (Abzu, Zuab), 266-267, 269, 449 [GS], 219-220,
302 [FS] Apuleius, 149 [GS] Aquilo (see Boreas) [GS] Aquinas, Thomas, 295 [FS] Arabia, Arabs, 96, 225, 447 [GS], 235 [FS] Arad, 135 [FS] Aradi, Zsolt, 292-293, 295, 297 [FS] Aramaeans, 125 [GS] Aramaic, 123 [FS] Aranda, 151 [FS], 280 [GS] Archaea,
286 [GS] Archaean era, 295 [GS] Archaeopteryx, 94, 95, 95, 97-98, 101, 106, 108, 117 [PS] Archibald, J. David, 158, 164 [FS], J. David, 92, 101, 179,
186, 189-192, 194, 255-258 [PS] Archimedes, 100, 101 [GS] archosaur rhodopsins, 255 [PS] archosaurs, 158-159 [FS] Arctic (Arctic Circle, Polar Circle), 11, 34, 51-52, 55, 76-82, 83, 84-88, 164-165, 168, 170-171, 178-180, 204-206, 258, 387-389, 398,
406, 410, 444, 448, 453, 486, 488, 505, 506,
511 [FS], 293, 354, 361-369, 371-372, 374, 375, 377, 380, 383-386, 391,
394, 398, 400, 404, 422, 458, 466, 491, 492-493 [GS], 9, 19, 188, 251-253,
255-256, 258, 263-266, 295, 306, 316, 322, 323, 341 [PS] Arctic muck, 255-256 [GS], 78 [FS] Arctic Ocean (Arctic Sea), 13, 78, 85, 86, 87, 168, 205, 393, 410 [FS], 239, 255, 272-273, 354, 391,
466 [GS], 251, 266 [PS] Arend-Roland, Comet, 155 [PS] Arensburg, Baruch, 174 [FS] Areopagus, 8 [GS] Ares (Aris), 52, 53, 56 [GS] Argentina, 3, 8, 162, 445 [FS], 96, 119, 170, 186 [PS] Argentinosaurus, 118, 170 [PS] Argives, 128 [FS] Argo (constellation), 56 [GS] argon dating, 203 [PS] argon, 361 [FS] Aris (see Ares) Aristarchus of Samos, 100, 101 [GS], 109, 110-111 [FS] Aristophanes, 275 [GS] Aristotle, 147, 148 [PS], 8, 54,
55, 55-56, 61, 99, 105 [GS] Arizona, 275, 430 [FS], 357, 375 [GS], 57 [PS] Arizona, University of, 159, 203 [PS] ark (Noah’s), 26 [GS] ark (of the Covenant), 206 [GS], 108 [FS] Arka, 131 [GS] Arkaja, 131 [GS] Arkanandana, 131 [GS] Arka-putra, 131 [GS] Arkatanayah, 131 [GS] Arki, 131 [GS] armadillo, 131, 131 [PS] armadillo, giant, 202 [FS] Armenia, Armenians, 241, 472 [GS], 94 [FS] Armstrong, Neil, 147 [PS] Army Weather School, Chanute Field, 285 [FS] Arnaboldi, Magda, 76 [PS] Arp, Halton, 146, 252, 280-281 [FS], 250, 424, 425, 427, 428, 472, 474-477, 483, 485, 487-488 [GS], 5-6,
357 [PS] Arp-229, 316 [FS] Arrhenius, Gustaf, 276, 328-329, 375 [FS], 279 [PS] Arrhenius, Svante, 343 [PS] arsenic, 286 [GS] Arsuaga, Juan Luis, 171 [FS] Art of Memory, The, 96 [FS] art, Neolithic (see Neolithic art) art, Paleolithic (see paleoart) Artemis, 78 [GS], 92 [FS] arthritis, 150 [PS] Arthritis, and osteoarthritis, 176-177, 183 [FS] arthtropods, 133 [PS] Arthur, King, 287 [PS] Aryabhatta, 95 [GS] Aryans, 237 [FS], 35, 236 [GS] Asaro, Frank, 196 [PS] Ashton, Roger, 151, 239, 268, 270, 297-298, 300, 303, 349, 413-414,
423, 440, 451 [GS], 160, 223, 235 [FS], Roger, 22-23, 25 [PS] Ashurbanipal, 113 [FS] Asia Minor, 17, 78 [GS] Asia, Asians (see also under Far East), 3, 56, 80. 116, 178-179,
189-190, 196, 391, 402, 450, 452, 462 [FS], 37, 38, 374, 383, 384,
443 [GS], 47, 192, 253, 264, 306 [PS] Asimov, Isaac, 138-139 [PS], 295, 375 [FS] asphalt (see naphtha) asphalt lakes, 56, 65 [PS] Associated Press, 108 [PS] Assurnasirpal, 210 [GS] Assyria, Assyrians, 113, 240, 303 [FS], 80, 213 [GS] Assyro-Babylonians (see also Babylonians), 64, 106, 113, 125,
137 [FS], 109, 124, 165, 178, 252, 448 [GS] Astarte, 78, 210 [GS] Aster, 192 [GS], 297 [FS] asteroid belt, 181, 327 [GS] asteroids, 415, 476 [GS], 4-5, 56, 151, 195-199, 201-203, 205,
208, 212, 214, 217-219, 222-226, 228, 230, 231, 239, 244, 251, 271, 276, 280,
339, 344 [PS] asteroids, asteroid belt & asteroidal impacts, 34-36, 37, 40, 47, 48, 52, 73-74, 319, 321-322, 326-329, 332, 363, 429-431,
436, 438, 462, 465, 470-471 [FS] Astour, Michael, 33, 210 [GS] astral ejections (see also planetary ejections, galactic ejections),
472-476, 480, 485 [GS] astrologers, astrology, 97, 108, 122-123, 130, 137, 138, 147,
243 [GS] astronomical diaries, Babylonian (see Babylonian astronomical
diaries) astronomical theory of ice ages (see Milankovitch Theory) astronomy (Babylonian), 103,
114-119 [GS], 112 [FS] astronomy (Chinese), 92-95,
237 [GS] astronomy (Greek), 99 ff. [GS], 109,
112 [FS] astronomy (Hindu), 95-96 [GS] astronomy (Mesoamerican), 83 ff. [GS] astronomy (Ptolemaic), 96-99 [GS] Astronomy, 327, 468 [GS] Asura(s), 31, 61 [GS] Aswan, 101 [GS] Ataksak, 172, 178, 252, 264, 279 [GS], 308, 312, 370 [FS] Atea, 312 [FS] Athabasca region, River, and Valley, 392 [FS], 61 [PS] Atharva Veda, 310, 311 [GS] Athena Parthenos, 47 [GS] Athena, 3, 26, 27, 28, 81, 407, 408 [GS], 92,
96 [FS] Athens, Athenians, 3, 4, 8, 10 [GS], 92 [FS] Atkinson, Dick, 376 [FS] Atlantic Ocean, 24-25, 80, 400, 408, 445, 478, 483, 486 [FS],
59, 197, 205, 248 [PS], 38, 40, 153, 371, 466 [GS] Atlantis, 47 [FS] Atlas, 437 [GS] atmosphere (brown dwarf), 491 [FS] atmosphere (lunar), 43 [FS] atmosphere (Saturn’s), 498, 498-499, 499 [FS] atmosphere (solar), 77 [PS] atmosphere (terrestrial), 12, 25, 31, 35, 36, 40-43, 45-46, 55, 76,
148, 156, 331, 340, 361, 364, 365, 366, 371, 374, 381-385, 429, 434, 440, 464,
473, 480, 484, 486-487, 500, 508-509 [FS], 15, 17-20, 26, 31, 49, 55,
59-60, 63, 69, 74, 111, 113-114, 133, 172, 189-193, 197, 201, 220, 227,
229-234, 266, 269-270, 280, 282-283, 289, 291, 296, 299, 304-305, 307, 309,
314, 338, 340 [PS] atmospheres, planetary (see also ionospheres), 12-14, 31, 54-55,
270-271, 273, 282, 284, 323, 327, 346 [PS] atom bombs (see also under nuclear), 236 [PS] atomic bomb, 473 [FS] Atomic Energy of France (French atomic Energy Commission), 51,
166 [PS] atomic fission (see nuclear reaction) [FS] atomic theory, 112 [GS] ATP (see Adenosine triphosphate) Atum (Tem, Temu), 141, 142, 142,
144-145, 165, 168, 192, 193, 193, 195, 214, 215,
216, 230, 231, 274, 276, 311, 433, 435, 438, 443, 451 [GS], 143, 144,
304 [FS] Atum-Ra, 270, 418, 423 [GS] Au (see Yahweh) Aublysodon, 117 [PS] Augustine, 240 [FS] Augustine, St. (see Aurelius Augustinus) Augustsson, Tommy, 17 [PS] Aurelius Augustinus, 206 [GS] Aurignacian culture, 196, 200, 206 [FS] Aurnou, Jonathan, 466 [GS] auroch, 205 [FS] auroras (aurorae) & auroral ovals (terrestrial including other
designations of), 54, 223, 373 [FS], 293, 295-296, 297, 299-300, 303, 304-307, 308, 309, 322, 338-339 [PS] auroras (planetary), 14, 323 [PS] auroras (terrestrial), 14, 77, 79, 169, 284, 285, 285-291, 293, 295, 295-296, 305, 306, 309 [PS] auroras, 464 [GS] auroras, super (see super-aurorae) Australia, 280 [GS], 59, 129, 145, 208, 210, 241, 254, 313,
320 [PS], 8, 10, 11, 13, 19, 73, 151, 182, 199, 265, 358, 399, 401 ff.,
445-446 [FS] Australian Aborigines (see Aborigines) Australian National University, 13 [PS] Australoids, 402 [FS] Australopithecus, 134 [PS] Austria, 17 [GS], 200 [PS], 3 [FS] Aveni, Anthony, 59, 87 [GS] Awona-Wilona (Awonawilona), 308 [FS], 276 [GS] Axel Heiberg Island, 363, 365, 366, 375 [GS] Axial Volcano, 287 [GS] axis mundi (named and/or implied,
under various designations), 235, 245, 258, 266, 304, 324 [PS], 227, 236
ff., 248, 252, 255, 257, 264, 268-269, 271, 276,
279-280, 283, 285, 287-289, 306-307, 370, 434, 492, 498, 499, 509-511 [FS],
429-459, 461-466, 480-481, 484-488,
490-492 [GS] Aylward, Alan, 14 [PS] Ayvu Rapyta, 151 [FS] azdarchids, 113 [PS] Azoic, 369 [GS] Aztecs, 151, 156 [FS], 87 ff., 317, 318, 421, 435 [GS] Aztex, 321-322, 330 [FS] B Ba’al (Baal) Hamon, 225, 432 [GS], 123 [FS] Ba’al Zebub (Beelzebub, Beelzebul), 347 [FS] Ba’al zephon, 347 [FS] Ba’al (Baal), 31, 205, 225, 447 [GS], 303, 348, 348 [FS], 63 [PS] Baade, W., 484 [GS] Baal-Peor, 240 [FS] Babbar, 113 [FS], 129 [GS] Bab-el (see Babylon) Babylon (Bab-el, Ka-ra), Babylonia, Babylonians (see also
Assyro-Babylonians, Neo-Babylonians), 99, 109, 112, 125, 133, 144, 212, 220,
240, 290, 301, 472, 481 [FS], 62, 78, 96, 103, 106, 107, 113 ff., 116
ff., 120-121, 122, 125, 127, 138, 141, 148, 198, 207 229, 266,
432 [GS], 63 [PS] Babylonian astronomical diaries, 112 [FS], 118 ff., 119 [GS] Babylonian Creation Epic (see Enuma
Elish) Babylonian exile, 117 [FS], 207 [GS] Bacchanalian festivals, 127 [FS] Bacchi, 128 [FS] Bacchus, 127-128, 130 [FS] Bacchus, priest of, 131 [FS] bacteria, 19-20, 25, 52, 60, 114, 184-185, 208 [PS], 286, 287,
289, 291 [GS], 485-486, 508 [FS] Baffin Bay, 53, 55, 84 [FS] Baffin Island, 2, 52, 53, 84, 410 [FS], 251, 341 [PS] Bagby, John, 180-181, 183 [GS] bagpipes (primitive), 172 [FS] Bahadur, K., 15 [PS] Bahariya Oasis, 119, 170 [PS] Bahcall, John, 248-249 [GS] Bahram I, 301 [FS] Bailey, Lloyd R., 132 [FS] Bailey, Mark, 37 [FS] Baines, Kevin, 499 [FS] Baker (Florida), 240 [PS] Baker, Francis, 109 [GS] Bakker, Robert, 90-91, 94, 113, 117, 122 [PS] Baldwin, Neil, 436 [GS] Baliunas, Sallie, 45 [FS] Balkans, 61 [PS], 96 [FS] ball lightning, 284 [FS] Ballard, Robert, 287 [GS], 394 [FS] Balor, 149 [GS] Baltensperger, W., 34, 52, 388 [FS] Baltic, 182, 206, 442 [FS], 466 [GS] Baltimore, 466 [GS] Bambala, 201 [GS] BaMbuti (see Pygmies) [FS] Banks Island, 80, 84 [FS] Bantu, 220, 307-308 [FS] Baptistina asteroids, 223 [PS] Barbados, 24, 398 [FS], 267 [PS],
38 [GS] Barbiero, Flavio, 266 [PS], 47, 73,
205 [FS] bards and orators, 94, 96, 97, 103 [FS], 14, 18, 20 [GS] Barents Sea, 486 [FS] Barghoorn, Elso, 371, 374, 376 [GS], 87, 164 [FS] barley, 118, 354 [GS] Barnes, Thomas G., 349, 351, 353-354, 359-360 [FS] Barnett,
Lincoln, 122 [PS], 287-288 [GS] Barnstone, Willis, 300 [FS] Barosaurus, 120-121 [PS] Barro Colorado Island, 23 [PS] Barron,
Eric, 372 [GS] Barrow, Alaska, 286 [PS] barrows, 239 [FS] Bartusiak, Marcia, 156-157 [PS], 250 [GS] Bary, Jeff, 3 [PS] Bar-Yosef, O., 196 [FS] basalt, 358 [FS], 59, 60, 190 ff., 202 [PS] Basilides, 223 [FS] Basinger, James, 364-365, 379 [GS] Basri, Gibor, 477 [GS], 80-81, 270 [PS] Bass, Robert W., 181, 182, 183, 184 [GS], 320-321 [FS],
165, 346 [PS] Bastar, 275 [GS] Bathurst Island, 458 [GS] batons, 183-184, 185, 186 [FS] bats, 289, 290 [GS],
67 [PS] Battak, 420 [FS] Batusi (see Watusi) [PS] Bau, 128 [GS] Baume-Moula-Guercy Cave, 175 [FS] Bavaria, 355 [FS] Bay of Fundy, 211 [PS] Bayle, Pierre, 45 [GS] Beacon Hill Park, 71 [FS] Bear & Co., Inc., 64 [FS] bear, cave, 171, 176, 186, 188, 476 [FS], 131, 134 [PS] bears, 493 [GS], 77, 168-169, 176, 183, 188-189, 205, 444,
479 [FS] bears, short-faced, 265 [PS], 169 [FS] beavers, 77, 168, 205 [FS] Beck, R., 138 [GS] Becker, Luann, 210, 219 [PS] Bedout High, 210 [PS] Bedrock of Myth, 414 [GS] beech, 319-321 [PS], 473 [FS] Beelzebub, Beelzebul, (see Ba’al Zebub) Beeman, Arthur (illustration by), 141 [FS] Beersheba, 134 [FS] bees, 20, 22, 115, 116 [PS] beetles, 265 [PS] Béghain, Patrice, 185 [FS] Begley, Sharon, 20 [GS], 202 [FS], 73 [PS] Beisan, 123 [FS] Bekenstein, Jacob, 157 [PS] Bel, 149 [GS], 303, 347, 472 [FS] Béland, P., 195 [PS] Belgium, 479 [FS] Beli, 149 [GS] Belial, 347 [FS] Beliar, 347 [FS] Belize, 205 [PS] Bell, Barbara, 29 [FS], 371 [GS] Bella Coola Indians, 99 [FS] Bellamy, Hans Schindler, 396 [FS] Beloussov, Vladimir, 143 [PS] Beltane, 353,
353 [GS] Belus, 472, 481 [FS] ben Nachman, Rabbi Moshe, 295 [FS] Benares, 243 [FS] Benedetti, Robin, 431 [FS] Benin (see Dahomey) Bentley, Charles, 324 [PS] Benton, Michael, 176 [PS], 464 [FS] Benz, Arnold, 334 [FS] Benz, Willie, 280 [PS] Bergmann, E., 127 [GS], E., 302 [FS] Bering Sea, 442 [FS], 67, 81, 186, 189-190, 420 [FS] Bering Straits (and land bridge), 38, 276, 368 [GS],
264-265 [PS] Beringia, 169, 190, 205 [FS], 264-265 [PS] Berkeley University, 174 [FS] Berlin, 414 [FS] Berman, Bob, 257, 474 [FS], Bob, 27, 29, 31 [PS] Bernal, Martin, 13, 23 [GS], 91, 92, 302 [FS] Berner, Robert, 114 [PS],
347-348 [GS] Bernhardi, Reinhard, 2 [FS] Bernifal, 450, 451 [FS] Bernstein, Burton, 124 [FS] Bernstein, Gary, 436 [FS] Berossus, 125, 212, 290, 472, 476,
480-481 [FS], 213, 267 [GS] Berra, Tim, 218 [PS] Berry, Edward, 375 [GS] beryllium, 296 [FS] Bet Sulman (see Beth
Shulman) [GS] Bet(h) Ninib, 212-213 [GS] Beta Pictoris, 327 [GS], 338 [PS] Betelgeuse, 56, 300 [GS] Beth Alpha Synagogue, 148 [GS] Beth Ninurta, 212-213 [GS] Beth Shulman (see also Jerusalem), 209, 212-213 [GS] Beth-aven, 209 [GS] Beth-eden, 209 [GS] Bethel, 134 [FS] Beth-El, 209 [GS] Beth-haran, 209 [GS] Beth-horon, 209 [GS] Bethlehem, 209 [GS] Beth-peor, 209 [GS] Beth-shan, 209 [GS] Bethshemesh, 209 [GS] Bethuel, 120 [FS], 224 [GS] Bethune, Brian, 190 [FS] bezoar, 434 [FS] Bhagavata Purana, 233, 236,
446 [GS] Biarritz, 409 [FS] Bibi Deba, 175, 200 [GS] Bibi Tiba Abutsiua’ani, 175, 200 [GS] Bible (see also Old Test-ament & New Testament), 119, 134, 292,
296-297, 299, 302, 395, 419 [FS], 68, 78 [GS] Bifrost, 287, 309 [PS] Big Bang (theory), 68, 113, 249-251 [GS], 292, 295-297,
308 [FS], 77, 146, 159-160, 168 [PS] Big Bend National Park, 112-113 [PS] Big Dipper, 231, 232 [GS] Bikini Atoll, 236 [PS] Binder, Alan, 375 [FS] Binding of the Years, 87, 90 [GS] Bindschadler, Robert, 324 [PS] Biot, Jean Baptiste, 83 [GS] birch, 263 [PS], 364 [GS] birds, 158, 408, 508 [FS], 20, 22-24, 65, 67-68, 94 ff., 101
ff., 110, 179, 249, 250 [PS] Birkeland (lunar crater), 291 [PS] Birkeland current(s), 298, 461,
461-465, 478-479, 481-482, 485, 486, 487-488, 491 [GS], 147-148, 159, 248,
255, 264, 268, 283, 370, 492-493, 498, 499, 510-511 [FS], 235, 245, 258,
291, 292, 324, 332 [PS] Birkeland, Kristian Olaf, 148, 273 [FS], 74, 76, 289, 290, 290-291, 293, 293, 294, 295-296, 304 [PS] Bismarck Archipelago, 399 [FS] bismuth, 286 [GS] bison (see also buffaloes), 168, 183, 189, 189, 200, 201, 206, 456-457, 458-459,
460-463 [FS], 65, 265 [PS] Bison-Horn Marias, 395 [FS] Bit Suulmani (or Shulmanu) (see also Beth Shulman), 208, 212 [GS] bitumen (see naphtha) Black God, 87 [GS] black holes, 281, 490-491 [FS], 426 [GS], 3, 228,
354 [PS] Black Planet, 81, 87 [GS] Black Sea, 394, 484 [FS],
466 [GS] Black Stone, 81-82 [GS] Black, David, 332-333 [GS] Blackwell, Bonnie, 171 [FS] Blanc, Carlo, 174-175 [FS] blindness, 189 [PS] Blood Lights (see also under auroras), 287 [PS] blue jets, 42 [FS] Bluefish Caves, 168, 169, 206 [FS] Bluefish River, 168 [FS] boats & other watercraft, 402-403 [FS] Bode, Johann Elert, 181, 182 [GS] Bode’s Law (see Titius-Bode Law) bogs (see also swamps), 77 [FS] Bohm, David, 474 [GS] Bohor, Bruce, 200, 220 [PS] Boling, Rick, 10 [PS] Bolivia, 39, 314 [PS], 407, 442, 445 [FS] Boll, Franz, 135, 137, 139 [GS] bolus flow(s), 463 [GS] Bombay, 242 [FS] Bonanos, Alceste, 354 [PS] Bondi, Hermann, 140-141 [PS] Bonestell, Chesley, 265 [GS] Book of the Dead (Egyptian), 20,
142, 145, 267, 269 [GS] (see also under Pert em Hru) Boomerang Nebula, 332 [PS] borax, 434 [FS] Boreas, 143 [FS], 433, 434, 434, 436, 437, 462 [GS] Borisov, P., 85 [FS] Borneo, 280 [GS], 402, 420 [FS] Borrelly, Comet, 5 [PS] Boshongo, 220 [FS] Boslough, John, 147, 150, 163, 165 [PS] Boslough, Mark, 280 [PS] Boss, Alan, 149, 225, 256,
494 [FS], 3, 81 [PS], 467 [GS] Bostick, W., 80 [PS] Botaccione Gorge, 196 [PS] Botswana, 482 [FS] Boy Scouts, 374 , 400 [GS] brachiopods, 209 [PS] Brachiosaurus, 117, 120, 122 [PS] Bradley, Jr., John, 27 [FS] Brady, Joseph, 217 [PS] Brahe, Tycho, 101 [GS], 316 [FS] Brahma Purana, 233 [GS] Brahma, 131, 132, 145, 196, 216, 232,
233, 284, 309, 439, 446 [GS], 155, 230-231, 232, 233, 238-239, 294, 305, 306, 313, 395 [FS] Brahmans/Brahmins, 395 [FS] Brain, Charles K., 167 [FS] Braman, Dennis, 431 [FS] Bratton, Fred, 43, 127, 146 [GS] Braun, Robert, 72 [PS] Brazil, 313 [PS], 8, 13, 202-203, 394,
445, 477-479, 481 [FS], 87 [GS] Brekke, Paal, 162 [FS] Bretz, Harlan, 393 [FS] Breuil, Abbé (see Abbé Breuil) Breviparopus, 120, 170 [PS] Brewer’s Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, 22 [GS] Brewster County, 112 [PS] Briggs, M. H., 15 [PS] Brihaspati, 61, 409 [GS] Brinton, Daniel G., 222 [FS],
435 [GS] Briskin, Madeline, 189 [GS] Bristol Channel, 399 [FS] Britain, British Isles, Great Britain (see also England), 6, 56, 81,
84, 85, 179, 399 [FS], 107, 371 [GS] British Association for the Advancement of Science, 10 [FS],
113, 225 [PS], 392 [GS] British Astronomical Association, 123-124 [GS] British Columbia, 151, 276, 338 [GS], 43 [PS], 50, 71,
99 [FS] British Guiana, 8 [FS] British Isles, see Britain British Museum, 117 [PS], 124,
129 [GS] Brittany, 473 [FS] Broadfoot, Lyle, 382 [GS] Brody, Judit, 162 [FS] Broecker, Walter, 20, 21, 24 [FS] Bromley, Benjamin, 504 [FS] Brontosaurus and brontosaurs, 91, 92, 122-123 [PS] Bronze Age, 92, 355 [FS] Brooks, C. E. P., 85, 162, 387 [FS], 375 [GS],
320 [PS] Broom Star(s), 43 [GS] brown dwarf stars, 148-150, 155-158, 214, 217, 224-226, 249-252,
255, 259-261, 319, 332-338, 372, 473, 487, 491-492, 493, 493-495, 501-502, 502,
510 [FS], 160-161, 290, 293 , 297, 299, 300, 303, 326, 332-337, 341, 343
ff., 361, 387, 404, 427, 465, 467-469, 471, 475-482, 485-486, 488,
490 [GS], 6, 8-10, 12, 18, 19, 22, 25-26, 32, 53, 75, 80-83, 84, 84, 85, 85-86, 169, 234-235, 255,
268-273, 301, 307, 353, 357-358 [PS] Brown, Bob, 499 [FS] Brown, Ernest W., 320 [FS],
182 [GS] Brown, Hugh Achincloss, 393, 394, 395 [GS] Brown, Mike, 503 [FS] Brown, Peter, 131 [PS] Browne, Malcolm, 91 [PS] Bruce, Charles E. R., 331-332 [FS], 73-75 [PS] Brückner, Eduard, 16, 17, 49 [FS] Brugsch, 231 [GS] Brundage, B. C., 59, 240 [GS] Bruniquel Cave, 175-176 [FS] Bruno, Giordano, 113, 324 [GS] Brush, Alan, 105-106 [PS] bryozoans, 209 [PS] Bryson, Bill, 186, 188, 221 [PS] Bubble Nebula, 329, 329-331 [PS] Buckland, William, 2-3 [FS], 58 [PS] Buddha, 301 [FS] Buddhists, 245 [FS] Budge, E. A. Wallis, 20, 37, 62, 141, 143, 194, 195, 214, 231, 267,
268, 270, 274, 437 [GS], 304 [FS] Buenos Aires Museum of Natural Sciences, 117 [PS] Buenos Aires, 118 [PS] buffaloes (see also bison), 205, 444, 457, 458-459, 460-461 [FS], 128 [PS] Buffetaut, Eric, 250 [PS] bullae, 116, 118 [FS] bulls, 205 [FS] Bumba, 220 [FS], 280 [GS] Bundahish,
33, 231, 409 [GS] Bureau des Longitudes, 352 [PS] Burgasser, Adam, 149 [FS], 272 [PS] Burgess, E., 309 [GS] burials & burial customs, 174, 177-178, 183-184, 239,
253 [FS] Burlington (Mass.), 216 [FS] Burnet, John, 54, 55 [GS] Burnet, Thomas, 419 [FS] Burns, Philip, 187 [GS] Burrows, Adam, 334, 468 [GS] Burton, Richard Francis, 241 [FS] Bushmen, 482 [FS] Bushongo, 201, 280 [GS] Butler, Elizabeth, 36 [FS] Butler, Paul, 327 [GS] butterflies, 20, 22-23, 24,
265 [PS] Butterfly Nebula, 330 [PS] Butterworth, E. A. , 217 [GS], 142 [FS] Byblos, 81 [GS] Bylot Island, 251 [PS] Byrd, Admiral, 369 [GS] Byrd, Antarctic station, 322 [PS] C Caenozoic (see Cenozoic) [FS] Caesar, Julius, 353 [GS] Caesarea, 279 [FS], 432 [GS] Cailleach Bhur, 420-421 [FS] Cairo, 300 [FS] calcite deposits, 22-23 [FS] calcium carbonate, 59 [PS] calcium phosphate, 184 [PS] calcium, 25 [PS] Calder, Nigel, 18, 21, 156, 282 [FS], 198, 209, 230 [PS] calendar (Celtic), 353 [GS] calendar (Dogon), 173 [GS] calendar (Mesoamerican), 24, 37, 59, 83
ff. [GS] Calendar Stone (see Sun Stone) [GS] calendars, 193, 195 [FS] California Institute of Technology, 335 [GS] California, 368 [GS], 56, 57, 65 ff. [PS], 67, 208, 245,
371, 389, 407, 423, 427, 479 [FS] California, University of, 216 [PS] Calixtlahuaca, 436 [GS] Callao, 214, 407 [FS] Callisto (satellite), 346 [PS] Caltech, 411 [GS] Camargo, Antonio, 203 [PS] cambium, 376, 377 [GS] Cambodia, 151 [GS], 244, 248 [FS] Cambrian & Precambrian period, 16,
46, 59, 132, 188, 207-208, 211, 341 [PS], 7, 9, 36, 161, 432 [FS], 295, 297, 362 [GS] Cambridge University, 355 [PS] Cambridge, 73 [GS] Came, Barry, 287 [GS] camels, 181, 205, 426, 444, 461 [FS] camels, 385 [GS], 65 [PS] Cameron, Al, 280 [PS] Camp Century, 339 [PS] Campbell, D. H., 366, 368 [GS] Campbell, Joseph, 35 [GS] Canaan, Canaanites, 35, 223, 448 [GS],
123, 129, 132 [FS], 225 [GS] Canada, 13, 78, 82, 83, 84, 169, 179,
190, 393, 400, 431, 457, 460 [FS], 365, 374 [GS], 43, 195, 211-213,
218, 238, 256-257, 264, 286, 307, 310, 341 [PS] Canadian archipelago (Canadian Arctic), 80, 82, 84 [FS] Canby, Thomas, Y., 450-451, 455, 461 [FS] cancer, 25, 227, 231 [PS] candle stars, 42 [GS] cannibalism, 174-175, 212, 253 [FS],
45, 47 [GS] canoes (see boats) [FS] Canopus, 56 [GS] Canterbury, New Zealand, 197 [PS] Cantrell oil field, 226 [PS] Canuto, Vittorio, 18 [PS] Canyon de Chelly, 275 [FS] Canyon del Muerto, 275 [FS] Canyon Diablo meteorite, 430-431 [FS] canyons, 67 [FS] canyons, submarine (deep-sea trenches), 66 [FS] Cape Hatteras, 486 [FS] Cape Horn, 35 [FS] Cape Mendocino, 65 [PS] Cape of Good Hope, 280 [GS] Cape York, 442 [FS] Capella, Martianus, 100 [GS] Caravaca, 197 [PS] carbon, 2, 43, 49-50, 52-54, 59, 63, 69,
200-201, 237, 312 [PS] carbon & carbonization, 46, 430-433 [FS], 42 ff.,
49 [PS] carbon dioxide, 12, 31, 331, 383, 489 [FS], 13, 17, 60, 193,
270, 338 [PS] carbon-14, 46, 47 [FS] carbon monoxide, 50 [PS] carbon stars, 50-54 [PS] carbonados, 432 [FS] Carboniferous period, 16, 46, 114-115, 132-133, 178 [PS], 347, 347-348, 362, 371, 374, 398 [GS], 9, 161, 164 [FS] carbuncles, 434 [FS] Carcharodontosaurus saharicus, 119, 121, 121, 170 [PS] Carey, S. Warren, 142-146, 162, 168, 225 [PS], 392 [GS],
272-273, 365 [FS] Caribbean, 202, 212 [PS], 398 [FS] Caribbean islands, 203 [PS] caribou, 168, 169 [FS] Carlisle, Davis Brez, 431 [FS] Carlson, Shawn, 171 [PS] Carnarvon, 210 [PS] Carnegie Institution for Science, 354 [PS] Carnegie-Mellon University (photograph courtesy of), 326 [PS] Carolina Bays, 35, 442 [FS] Caroline Islands, 399 [FS] Carpinteria, 65 [PS] Carr, Michael, 392 [FS] Carrano, Matt, 250 [PS] Carson, Rachel, 288 [GS] Cartersville, 203 [FS] Cartier, Michel, 212-213 [FS] Casa Grande, 81 [GS] Cascades Volcano Observatory, photograph by, 384 [FS] Cascades, 67, 421, 422, 422 [FS] Case Western Reserve University, 490 [FS] Caspian Sea, 179 [FS], 466 [GS] Casselman, Anne, 341 [PS] Cassini spacecraft, 498-499 [FS], 54, 153 [PS] Cassiopeia A, 72, 75 [PS] Cassiopeia supernova, 302 [PS] castration, 279-280 [FS], 47,
50 [GS] cat, saber-toothed, 169 [FS] Cataclysm! 64 [FS] Çatal Hüyuk, 275, 277 [FS] Cathles, Lawrence, 405-406 [FS] cathode rays (electrons), 289, 293 [PS] Catholic Church & faith, 92, 93, 338 [GS] Catholicism, 151, 295, 307 [FS] cats (wild), 169 [FS] Caucasians, 180, 483 [FS] Caucasians, 25 [PS] Caudipteryx,
102 [PS] Cavalli-Sforza, Luigi Luca, 197 [FS] Cave of the Lighted Town,
288 [GS] cave painting (see paleoart) [FS] Cavendish, Henry, 161 [PS] Cedar Mountain, 109 [PS] Celebes, 114 [FS] Celts, 351, 353 [GS], 97, 421 [FS] Cenozoic (Caenozoic) era, 9, 377, 379 [FS], 16, 47,
134 [PS], 362, 386 [GS] Central America, 224 [PS], 277, 317 [GS], 360 [FS] centrifugal force, 282-284 [PS] Cepheus (constellation), 467 [GS] Ceres (asteroid), 327 [FS] CERN, 249 [GS] Ceylon (see Sri Lanka) [FS] Chabas, 20 [GS] Chaco Canyon, 275 [FS] Chaldea, Chaldeans, 109, 115, 118, 120-121, 148 [GS],
112 [FS] chalk, 179 [PS], 407 [FS] Cham kingdom, 244 [FS] Chamberlain, R. T. , 8, 10 [FS] Chameleon I (star-form-ing region), 81 [PS] Champa, 244 [FS] Chandanwari, 245 [FS] Chandra X-Ray Observatory (image courtesy of), 302 [PS] Chandra X-ray Observatory, 250, 260 [FS] Chaney, Ralph,375 [GS] chang, 107 [GS] Chang, Kenneth, 369 [FS] Chanute Field, 285 [FS] Chaos, 142, 172, 261, 262-263, 267-268, 271, 272-280, 304, 306, 309,
311, 317, 319, 341, 432-433, 457, 490 [GS], 217, 219, 275, 289, 304, 306,
307, 510 [FS] Chaos, Science of, 180 [GS] Chapman, Clark, 400 [GS] Chapman, Sydney, 290 [PS], Sydney, 349 [FS] charcoal (see also coal), 404,
516-517 [FS], 45 [PS] chariot(s), 116-117, 127 [FS] Charles, R. H., 298 [FS] Charlesworth, J., 260 [PS], J., 444 [FS] Charon (satellite), 187, 220 [GS], 435 [FS] Chatelperronian sites & culture, 196, 200 [FS] Chatterjee, Sankar, 225 [PS] Chatterton, Brian, 233, 237 [PS] Chauvet Cave, 185 [FS] cheetahs, 265 [PS] Chelan, Lake, 67, 422, 423 [FS] Chembe, 280 [GS] chemistry, 137 [GS] Chemosh, 135 [FS] Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant disaster, 473, 475, 481 [FS] Cherokee, 151, 215 [FS] chert, 163 [FS] cherubim, 117 [FS] Chevalier, Roger, 316 [FS] Cheyne, T. K., 226 [GS] Chibcha, 277, 284 [GS], 309 [FS] Chicago, University of, 17, 176, 200 [PS] Chichen Itza, 436 [GS] Chicxulub town & crater, 203, 204,
204 ff., 207, 210, 212, 214, 217, 219, 223-226 [PS] Chilam Balam of Chumayel, 292,
306-307 [FS] Chile, 226, 407, 445 [FS] Chiminagua, 284 [GS], 309 [FS] China Sea, 442 [FS] China, Chinese, 11, 109, 143, 212-213, 218, 240, 294, 306, 316, 358,
402, 416, 418, 420, 437, 479, 500 [FS], 35, 47, 97-98, 102-104, 106, 108-109,
117, 182, 185, 208, 210, 239 [PS], 35, 42, 92-95, 107, 123, 201, 217, 237,
264, 272, 317, 457 [GS] Chinese Academy of Sciences, 108 [PS] Chinese Geology Museum, 97 [PS] Chinook, 508 [FS] Chippewa, 208, 210, 389 [FS] Chiron (minor planet), 187 [GS], 435 [FS] Chiun, 205, 206-207, 208 [GS] Chladni, E. F. F., 83 [GS] chlorine, 239 [PS] chlorine-36, 361, 500 [FS] chlorophyll, 18, 32, 46 [PS],
291 [GS] chloroplasts, 293 [GS] Cholula, 277 [GS] Chorlton, Windsor, 313, 317, 319 [PS], 5, 6, 28-29, 167, 171,
193, 207, 409, 505, 507 [FS] Chown, Marcus, 157 [PS] Christ (see also Jesus), 235 [FS] Christian Sybyllines, 448,
457 [GS] Christiana (see also Os-lo), 289 [PS] Christianity, Christians, 129, 132, 136, 223, 227, 235, 244, 290,
293, 298-301, 347-348 [FS], 13, 43, 224, 227, 241, 429, 442 [GS] Christmas tree, 241 [GS] Christmas, 139 [GS], 235 [FS] chromium, 200, 205 [PS] chromosphere, 299 [GS] Chronology & Catastrophism Workshop, 73, 269 [PS] Chronos, 209, 231 [FS], 47, 170, 239, 263, 306-307,
309 [GS] Chuen, 307 [FS] Chuo University, 250 [FS] Ciardullo, Robin, 76 [PS] Cicero, 56, 307 [GS] Cidenas, 103 [GS] Cinderella, 22 [GS] Cinq-Mars, Jacques, 169 [FS] circadian rhythm, 215-216 [FS] circumpolar stars, 227, 229-231 [GS] circumsolar ring, 426 [GS] circumstellar disk (proto-Saturn’s), 217-226, 248, 255, 280, 304,
438, 491, 510 [FS] circumstellar disks (general), 224-226, 249-252, 255-256, 260,
491-492, 494-495, 496, 500-501 [FS] circumstellar disks (including various misnomers, see also accretion disks, nebular disks,
placental cloud), 265, 268, 271, 304, 327, 328, 335, 341, 382, 429, 432-433,
436, 438, 457, 471, 477-479, 490 [GS], 1-5, 51, 80-81, 84, 277, 301, 302, 304, 309, 338-339, 352 [PS] cirques, 314 [PS] cities, 489 [FS] citric acid, 15 [PS] City Dionysia, (see Diony-sia, City) [FS] civilization, 90-91, 96, 107, 136, 167-168, 200, 209, 325, 489,
505-506 [FS] Claiborne, Robert, 454, 456, 461, 463 [FS] clams, 179, 209 [PS], 286 [GS] Clark Fork River, 75, 392 [FS] Clark, R. T. R., 222 [FS] Claussen, Martin, 26 [FS] clay, 44, 48, 68, 196-197, 200, 209, 220, 230 [PS], 62, 163,
201-202, 381, 407, 431, 478 [FS] Clayton, Donald, 343 [FS] Clayton, Geoffrey, 432-433 [FS] Clemens, William, 218-219, 251 [PS] Cleveland, 490 [FS] CLIMAP (see below) [PS] climate & climatic changes, 14, 19, 22-25, 27-31, 33, 34, 36,
38, 43-44, 46, 48-49, 55, 76, 78, 81, 85, 87-88, 153-154, 160-165, 167, 171,
178-180, 200-205, 207, 258, 351, 360-361, 363, 378, 387-388, 443-444, 453,
460-464, 466, 471, 485-489 [FS] Climate Long-Range Investigation and Mapping Program (CLI-MAP),
267 [PS] Climatic Optimum, 85 [FS] climatology (planetary), 323-324 [PS] climatology (terrestrial), 9, 46, 59, 189, 193-194, 209, 219, 227,
251-253, 255-256, 261, 265, 267, 269, 271, 273, 279, 280-281, 283, 304-306,
311-312, 314-315, 319-322, 326, 340-341 [PS] Close, Laird, 268 [PS] Clottes, Jean, 176 [FS] Clouded Sulphurs (see Colias philodice) clouds, noctilucent (see noctilucent clouds) Clovis culture, 428, 454-456, 461-463 [FS] club foot, 481 [FS] Clube, Victor, 21, 38 , 40, 46, 362-364 [FS], 25-26, 50, 190,
257, 263, 279 [PS], 66, 73, 75, 76, 185 [GS] coal, 164, 485 [FS], 295, 348,
368-369, 374 [GS], 33-34, 41 ff., 48 ff., 51-52, 56, 58, 59, 114,
319 [PS] coal (artificial), 44, 48 [PS] coal fires (natural), 47 [PS] coal mines, 45, 48 [PS] cobalt, 200 [PS] cobbles (cobble stones), 68-69 [PS] Cochran, William, 328 [GS] Cochrane, Ev, 59, 73, 198, 314, 443 [GS], 90, 106, 107, 113,
228 [FS] Codex Borgia, 316, 318 [GS] Codex Mendoza, 87 [GS] Codex Tro-Cortesianus, 88 [GS] Codrington, Stephen (photograph by), 412 [FS] Coe, Michael, 91 [GS] Coe, Michael, 95-96 [FS] Coelophysis, 184 [PS] coelurosaurs, 102 [PS] Coffin Texts,
25, 193 [GS] Colbert, Edwin, 370-371 [GS] Coleman, A. P., 27 [FS] Colgate, Stirling, 367, 490 [FS] Colias eurytheme, 22-23, 24 [PS] Colias philodice, 22-23, 24 [PS] collagen, 110 [PS] Collao, 279 [GS] Collasuyu, 278 [GS] Collitz, Hermann, 29, 309, 356-357 [GS] Colombia, 202 [PS], 277, 284 [GS], 309, 445 [FS] Colorado Plateau, 409 [FS] Colorado, 275, 457 [FS], 34, 199 [PS] Colorado, University of, 55 [PS] Columbia Plateau, 75, 393 [FS] Columbia University, 20, 466 [FS], 72 [PS] Columbus, Christopher, 254 [GS] column, cosmic (see axis mundi) [GS] Coma cluster, 249-250 [GS], 367 [FS], 76 [PS] Comet Arend-Roland, 483 [GS] Comet Morehouse, 282 [FS] Comet Schwassmann-Wachmann 1, 487 [FS] Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9, 75, 76, 76,
161, 345, 415, 416, 416-417, 419, 424, 428,
486 [GS] Comet, Great (of 1861), 38 [FS] comets (see also under own names) & cometary impacts, 36, 39, 40, 46, 47, 52, 109, 112, 147, 234, 257, 281-283, 285, 322,
325-330, 332-333, 342, 362-364, 429, 431, 435-436, 438, 462, 464-466, 469-471,
487 [FS], 5, 20, 22, 41, 49-50, 56, 61-63, 74, 127, 138, 154, 155, 158, 195-199, 210, 214, 216-218, 228, 239, 276, 293, 298, 326-327,
339-340, 343-344 [PS], 40, 42-43, 67, 75, 108-110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 117, 164, 248, 300, 302, 314, 337, 415, 462, 476,
482-483, 489 [GS] comets, interstellar, 50, 52, 53 [PS] comets, mini snow ball, 40-43 [FS] Commandments, ten, 122, 124 [FS] Como Bluff, 117 [PS] compasses, 288 [PS] Compendium of Wong-shi-Shing,
317 [GS] Compsognathus longipes, 117 [PS] Con Ticci Viracocha (see Kon Tiki
Viracocha) [GS] Condon, J. J., 139 [PS] conflagration, 331 [FS] Congo, 174-176, 200, 201 [GS], 483 [FS] conjunctions (planetary), 95, 108 [GS] Connecticut, 83 [GS] conquistadors, 40 [GS] Conrad, Timothy, 3 [FS] conservation, law of, 146 [PS] Constant, 245 [FS] Constantine (the Great), 241 [GS] constellations (stellar), 104, 142 [FS], 56, 61, 96, 114, 115, 116-117, 231-232, 409 [GS] constipation, 189 [PS] continental drift theory &
plate tectonics, 10, 12, 48, 72-73, 164, 405-406, 413, 418, 467 [FS],
35-36, 39, 59, 140-145, 190, 192-194, 225, 248, 313, 320-321 [PS], 176,
248, 255, 287, 366, 369, 371-372, 374, 391-393, 397 [GS] continental shelves, 33 ff. [PS] continental uplift (see diastrophism) [FS] Cook, Arthur B., 167, 170, 306,
443-444, 451-452 [GS] Cook, George, 432 [GS] Cook, James (Captain), 446 [FS] Cook, Melvin, 165, 166, 248,
346 [PS], 369 [GS] Coomaraswamy, Ananda, 142, 238 [FS] Coon, C. S., 170, 483 [FS] Cooper, Alan, 443-444, 462 [FS] Coosa Mountain, 74-75 [FS] Copeland, Peter F. (illustrations by), 285, 388, 389 [GS], 152, 192, 210, 211 [FS] Copenhagen, 197 [PS] Copenhagen University, 265 [PS] Copernicus, Nicolaus, 96, 97, 99, 100,
100, 101, 111 [GS], 109, 110 [FS] Coplen, Tyler, 22 [FS] copper, 286 [GS] Cor Hydra, 56 [GS] coral & coral reefs, 236, 267 [PS], 24, 398 [FS], 368,
370, 372, 391, 392, 393, 404 [GS] Corbel, Stephane, 281 [FS] Cordillera Mountains, 75, 392, 418, 445 [FS] coriolis effect, 284 [PS] Corliss, William, 217 [PS] Cornell University, 266 [GS], 405 [FS] Cornwallis Island, 82 [FS] Cortez, Hernando, 240 [FS] Cortina d’Ampezzo, 321 [FS] Cos, 47 [GS] Cosgriff, Jr., John, 34 [FS] cosmic column (see axis mundi) [GS] cosmic egg, 293, 294, 294,
296 [FS], 22, 276 [GS] Cosmic Ice Theory, 396 [FS] cosmic rays (see also X-rays, gamma rays, radiation), 41, 46, 334,
336, 361, 429, 472, 480, 489 [FS], 226-229, 231-232 [PS] Cosmic Serpent, The, 75 [GS] cosmic winter, 385 [FS] “Cosmos Without Gravitation,” 166 [PS] Cosquer Cave, 185 [FS] coulees, 393 [FS] Council House of the Gods, Zuñi, 96 [FS] Courtillot, Vincent, 190 [PS] coyotes, 65 [PS] Cozumel Island, 45 [PS] Crab Nebula, 230, 301, 302 [PS], 249, 260, 288, 316, 317 [FS], 95, 426 [GS] Crane, African, 360 [GS] Crater Lake Natural History Association (illustration courtesy of), 424 [FS] Crater Lake, 423, 425 [FS] craters, impact (cometary & asteroidal), 151-152, 244 [PS] craters, impact (lunar), 402 [GS] craters, impact (Martian), 402-403 [GS] craters, impact (terrestrial—see also under
own name), 77 [GS], 364, 414, 430-431, 440-442, 466-467 [FS], 62, 196
ff., 201 ff., 208, 210-212, 216, 220, 239, 241 [PS] craters (lunar), 240, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246 [PS], 43 [FS] craters (on satellites), 346 [PS] craters (planetary), 323 [PS] Craters of the Moon National Monument, 379, 380, 381, 381, 382, 383 [FS] creation (of matter), 146, 168 [PS] Creation Epic, Babylonian (see Enuma Elish) Creation Research Society Quarterly,
359 [FS] Creation, 278, 307 [PS], 66, 68, 151, 167, 172, 178, 204-205,
239, 261-266, 268-269, 272-277, 279-280, 282-284, 286, 304, 306, 311, 317, 341,
390, 429, 432-433, 438-439, 446, 449, 454, 491 [GS], 96, 126, 151,
207-208, 210, 218-220, 222-223, 230, 238, 289-290, 292-293, 295, 297-302,
304-308, 312, 315, 338, 347, 370-371, 388-389, 395-397, 419-420, 425, 436, 472,
481, 511 [FS] creationists (see also under fundamentalists), 38, 47, 111, 277-278,
344 [PS] Cretaceous period, 16, 46, 59, 95, 112, 179-180, 186, 188-189, 193-197, 199, 202, 218,
220-222, 224-226, 228, 230, 236, 237, 248, 250-253, 256-258 [PS], 7, 9, 30, 164-165 [FS], 74, 75, 297, 362, 372, 374, 375, 400, 422,
491 [GS] Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, 36, 328, 431 [FS], 75 [GS],
178 ff., 207 ff., 212, 218, 220-222, 224, 229-230, 235, 237, 248-249, 257-258,
339 [PS] Crete, 35 [GS], 96, 358, 415 [FS] Crew, Eric, 463 [GS], 57-59, 331-332, 364, 366 [FS] Crew, Eric, 73-75 [PS] Crimea, 6 [FS] crinoids, 209 [PS] Croatia, 441 [GS] crocodiles, crocodilia, crocodilians, 179,
210-211, 250 [PS], 158 [FS], 365, 366, 372, 375, 400 [GS] Croll, James, 14, 16 [FS], 33,
48 [PS], 378 [GS] Cro-Magnons, 171, 176, 180-181, 182,
182-186, 187, 188-190, 191, 193-197, 199-200, 202, 204-205, 209, 258, 265, 267-268, 450, 456,
480, 483 [FS] Cromarty, 57 [PS] Crónica del Perú, 214 [FS] Cronos, Cronus (see Kronos) Crookes, William, 289 [PS] Cross, Frank Moore, 127, 129, 132 [FS], 225, 268 [GS] Croswell, Ken, 157, 371 [FS], 343 ff., 381 [GS], 82,
269 [PS] Crow (Amerind tribe), 222 [FS] Crow, James, 228 [PS], 482 [FS] Cruxent, José, 451, 461 [FS] Cuba, 203 [PS] Cuffey, K. H., 82 [FS] Cuillins, 420-421 [FS] cuneiform, 99, 106, 112 [FS] Current Anthropology, 178 [FS] Currie, Philip, 61, 102, 109, 169, 182 [PS] Curtis, Heber, 146 [FS] Cusanus, Nicolaus (see Nicholas of Cusa) Cuvier, Georges, 178 [PS], 464-465 [FS] CW Leonis, 50 [PS] cyanide, 196, 343 [PS] Cyaxares, 106 [GS] Cygnus, 56, 467 [GS] cypress, 364, 365, 368 [GS] Cyprus, 80 [GS] Cyr, Donald, 385 [GS] Czechoslovakia, 358 [FS] D da Vinci, Leonardo, 425, 427 [FS] Dachille, Frank, 195 [PS], 467 [FS] Dahlem Conference (1983, Berlin), 414, 468 [FS] Dahomey (now Benin), 241 [FS] Dahood, Mitchell, 122 [FS] Daily Telegraph, 481 [FS] Dakotas, 197 [PS] Dall’s sheep, 168 [FS] Dalley, Stephanie, 125 [FS] Damaras, 240 [GS] Dan, 134 [FS] Dana, J. B., 81 [FS] Danish Space Research Institute, 46 [FS] Danjon, André (and the Danjon effect), 372-375 [FS] dark accretion disks, 3 [PS] dark energy, 257 [FS], 3,
161 [PS] dark matter, 250-251 [GS], 257 [FS], 3, 76,
156-158 [PS] Darunah, 236 [GS] Darwin, Charles, 101 [GS], 22, 94, 175, 176, 178, 348, 349 [PS], 375, 406-407, 426 [FS] Darwin, George, 375 [FS],
378 [GS] Das, P. K., 280-281 [FS],
483 [GS] DasSarma, Shil, 32 [PS] dates (fruit), 118 [GS] David (king of Israel), 209, 210 [GS], 108 [FS] Davis Strait, 55-56 [FS] Davis, Raymond, 248 [GS] Dawson, Mary, 384-385 [GS] day, 112 [FS] De Beer, Gavin, 95 [PS] de Betanzos, Juan, 278 [GS] de Charpentier, Jean, 2 [FS] de Cieza de León,
Pedro, 214 [FS] De Cometis,
109 [GS] de Gamboa, Sarmiento, 278 [GS] de Geer, Gerard, 49 [FS] de Grazia, Alfred, 100, 119, 124, 341, 377, 396 [FS], 14,
407 [GS], 73, 75, 142 [PS] de Landa, Diego, 92 [GS] de Laubenfels, M. W., 195 [PS], 74, 75 [GS] de Maillet, Benoît, 321 [GS] de Ricqlès, Armand, 91 [PS] de Santillana, Giorgio, 23, 52, 65, 146, 149, 165, 194, 201, 222,
243-244, 307, 320, 454-455 [GS] de Saussure, Léopold, 243 [GS] de Terra, Helmut, 417 [FS] de Torquemada, Juan, 84 [GS] de Vaux, R., 210 [GS] de Vernal, Anne, 30 [FS] de Wilman-Grabowska, H., 237 [FS] Dead Sea Scrolls, 132, 144, 300 [FS] Dead Sea, 397 [FS], 56 [PS] Death (personified), 270 [GS] death star theory, 215-216 [PS] Death Valley, 22 [FS] Deccan Traps, 190, 191, 191-192, 197,
202, 204, 220 [PS] Decherd, Sara, 250 [PS] Deep Impact, 5 [PS] deep, the, mythological (also abyss), 219 ff., 303-304 [FS] deep-sea cores (see ocean cores) deep-sea sediments (see also ocean cores), 19, 22-24, 388,
398 [FS] deep-sea trenches (see canyons, submarine) deer, 175, 189, 206, 444-445,
479 [FS], 265 [PS], 492 [GS] deer, big horn, 205 [FS] Deerfield Beach (Florida), 73 [GS] Defleur, Alban, 175 [FS] Deimos (satellite), 402 [GS] Del Popolo, Antonio,
224 [FS], 412, 420 [GS] Delair, J. Bernard, 61, 63-75, 78, 80, 81, 84, 337, 342, 399, 409,
417-418, 431, 470 [FS], 380, 381 [GS], 65, 262, 265 [PS] Delaware, University of, 80 [PS] Deloria, Jr., Vine, 389 [FS], 68-69 [PS] Delos, 445, 446 [GS] Delphi, 81 [GS] Delsemme, Armand, 346 [GS] Deltadromeus, 121 [PS] Deluge (see also under “flood”), 26, 35,
200, 278, 321 [GS] Deluge (Biblical), 48, 275-276, 278-279 [PS], 53-55, 315, 342,
389, 394, 395-396, 404 [FS] Deluge (extra-Biblical), 105, 397 [FS] Demeter, 5 [GS] Demetrius Phalereus, 222 [GS] Democritus, 109 [FS], 112-113,
115 [GS] dendrochronology, 340 [FS] Deneb, 56 [GS] Denmark, 17 [GS], 197, 199, 200 [PS], 3, 473 [FS] density, 140-142, 146-147, 161 [PS] Derdekeas, 301 [FS] Dermot, S. F., 320 [FS] des Marais, David, 32 [PS] Desert Research Institute,
294 [GS] deserts (for specific deserts see under own
name), 181 [FS], 36, 56, 306 [PS] Desmond, Adrian, 91, 111, 181, 186 [PS] Dessler, Alex, 291 [PS] Detroit, 453 [FS] Deucalion & flood of, 476-477 [FS] deuterium, 334 [FS] Devas, 61, 131, 196 [GS], 235,
348 [FS] Devaux,
Marie-Josèphe (illustrations
by), 106, 134, 348 [FS], 30, 212 [GS] devel, 348 [FS] devil, 345, 348 [FS] Devils Hole, 22-24 [FS] Devon Island, 82 [FS] Devonian period, 16, 46, 133,
207-208 [PS], 297, 362, 374, 398 [GS], 9, 87, 161 [FS] Devonshire, 479 [FS] Dhruva, 232, 238, 289 [FS] Dhruva, 232-233, 236, 246, 310, 434, 440, 451 [GS] Dhruva-akshara, 236, 451 [GS] Dhumaketu, 234 [FS] diamond pipes, 433 [FS] Diamond, Jared, 169-171, 176-179, 196-197, 402, 455, 456,
461-462 [FS] diamonds, 430 ff. [FS], 49, 201,
341 [PS] Diana of Ephesus (see Artemis) Diana, 44,
78, 167 [GS] Dianus, 167 [GS] Diastrophism & continental uplift, 30-31, 65 ff., 70, 72, 202, 204, 406, 409, 413-414, 415, 416, 416 ff., 419 ff., 443, 507 [FS] diastrophism & tectonic forces, 33, 36, 41, 56, 140-143, 173,
249, 262-263, 321 [PS] Diatryma, 95, 96 [PS] DiChristina, Mariette, 121 [PS] Dicke, Robert, 162 [PS] Dickens, Gerard, 486 [FS] Dicks, D. R., 106 [GS] Diespiter (see Jupiter) Dieterlen, Germaine, 173 [GS] Dietz, Robert, 245 [PS] diffusion (of myths), 35 ff., 153, 247 [GS] diffusion, 99 [FS] dimgal, 449 [GS] Dimont, Max I., 118 [FS] Dingli, R. C. (illustration by), 386 [GS] Dinornis, 96 [PS] dinosaur eggs, 91-92, 98-99, 99, 100, 100, 119, 184-185, 188-189 [PS] dinosaur footprints, 41, 46, 212 [PS] dinosaurs, 36, 61, 158, 159, 164,
328, 352, 361, 429, 466 [FS], 46, 61, 88 ff., 90 ff., 94 ff., 102 ff.,
110-111, 117 ff., 122 ff., 128, 132-134, 136, 138-139, 141, 162, 168-172,
174-176, 178-190, 192-193, 195-196, 201-202, 207, 211-212, 214, 217-220,
222-226, 228-231, 235-237, 247-258, 280, 349-351 [PS], 74, 75 [GS] dinosaurs (illustrations), 89, 90, 92, 94, 100, 105, 106, 107, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 126, 183, 185 [PS] Diocletian, 241 [GS] Diodorus Siculus, 107, 109, 112, 118, 120-121, 142, 148, 443,
453 [GS], 212, 240 [FS] Diogenes Laertius, 102, 105, 112 [GS] Diomedes, 16 [GS] Dione (satellite), 159, 346 [PS] Dionysia, 128 [FS], 4, 444 [GS] Dionysia, City, 92 [FS] Dionysos, Dionysus, 92, 114, 127-128, 129, 130, 230 [FS], 4, 5, 8, 9, 9,
10, 11, 13, 80, 312, 313, 314, 317,
443-446 [GS] Dionysus, Theater of, 8, 10-11 [GS] Dirac, Paul, 162 [PS] Discover, 101, 110, 163, 176, 178,
188 [PS] disease (see also epide-ics), 189 [PS], 452-453, 466, 471,
482 [FS] Disko Bay, 265 [PS] Diviana, 167 [GS] Divianus, 167 [GS] Divine Land, 231 [GS] Divine Throne (see throne, divine) Djed (Tet), 144, 145 [GS] Djoser, 198, 199 [GS] Djoser, pyramid of, 199,
216 [GS] DNA sequence, 158, 179, 190, 192, 199, 474 [FS] DNA, 20, 111, 227, 232, 265, 315 [PS],
294 [GS] Dob’s Linn, 208 [PS] Dobb, Edwin, 179 [PS] Dobbins, Frank S., 215 [FS] Dodd, C. H., 301 [FS] Dodge, Christopher, 508 [FS] Dogon, 173-174, 175, 176, 178, 201, 272, 280, 457 [GS], 275,
278 [FS] Dome C, Antarctic station, 322 [PS] Donahue, Thomas, 13 [PS] donkeys, 167 [FS] Donnelly, Ignatius, 91 [FS] Donofrio, Richard R., 61 [PS] Doppler effect, 318, 332 [FS],
73 [PS] Doppler shift(s), 325, 327, 328, 336 [GS] Dordogne, 193 [FS] Dorians, 28 [GS] Dorset culture, 458 [GS] Dorsey, G. A., 56 [GS] Double Helix Nebula, 291, 292 [PS] Douglass, A. E., 162 [FS] doves, 24 [PS] Doxocopa,
22 [PS] Doyle, Arthur Conan, 176 [GS] Doyle, Laurance, 350 [GS] Draco (constellation), 237 [GS] Draconis (CM), 327, 328, 350 [GS] Draconis, 102 [GS] dragon, 42, 42, 43 [GS] dragonflies, 114, 115, 132-133 [PS], 347 [GS] dragons, 434 [FS] Drake, Charles, 222 [PS] drama, 91 ff. [FS] drama (Greek), 4 ff., 312 [GS] drama (Roman), 12 [GS] Dravidians, 237 [FS] Drayson, Alfred Wilkes, 142 [PS], 14, 16 [FS] Dresden Codex, 84, 88, 90, 91, 91 [GS] drift (see also till), 8, 62-63, 70, 74, 431-433 [FS] Driscoll, Robert, 346,
411 [GS] Driver, Godfrey Rolles, 123, 126 [FS] drought, 443-444, 470 [FS] Druids, 353 [GS] drumlins, 393, 401 [FS] Druyan, Ann, 199, 202 [PS],
441 [FS], 483 [GS] Duat (Tuat), 25 [GS] Dublin, 113 [PS] Dubrovnik, 441 [GS] ducks, 351 [PS] Duk-Rodkin, Alejandra, 190 [FS] Dunbar, Robin, 167 [FS] Dupuis, Charles, 23, 310, 311 [GS] Durda, Daniel, 5, 238 [PS] Durga, 31, 32, 56 [GS] Durham, J. Wyatt, 404 [GS] Durisen, Richard, 280 [PS] Durkheim, Emile, 67 [GS] Düsseldorf, 170 [FS] dust (cosmic), 159, 189, 216, 276, 281, 298-299, 301-302, 304-305,
309, 337-339, 355 [PS] dust devils (Martian), 283 [FS] dust, cosmic, 36, 38, 40, 45, 51, 429, 432-433, 492, 495 [FS] Dusty Plasma Laboratory, 298-299 [PS] duToit, A. L., 392 [GS] Dutton, Clarence, 413 [FS] Dvaipayana, Krishna, 230 [FS] Dwapara Yuga, 395 [FS] dwarfs, 482 [FS] dwellings (primitive), 183, 184, 206,
209, 210, 215 [FS] DYE-3, 265 [PS] Dynamics Explorer A, 297 [PS] Dynamics Explorer I, 41 [FS] dynamo, geomagnetic, 363-365 [FS] dynamos, planetary, 364 [FS] Dyson, Freeman, 156 [FS] E Ea, Aa, 213, 225 [GS], 64-65, 105, 125-126, 133-134,
220 [FS] Eagle nebula, 29, 30 [PS] Earth (as celestial body), 75, 77, 83, 90, 95, 96, 99, 100-102, 106,
108, 109, 113, 118, 120, 121, 155, 163, 164, 173, 176, 177, 179 ff., 192, 203,
208, 219, 220, 221, 222 ff., 244, 246-247,
251-258, 282, 286, 287, 291, 293, 295, 297 ff., 321-324, 327, 328, 329, 332,
334, 335, 336, 337, 339, 340-346, 348-351, 356, 359, 361, 363, 367-371, 374,
377-381, 383-387, 390-402, 404, 405, 407, 409-413, 415, 417-419, 422-424, 426,
428, 435-440, 453-455, 457, 459, 461, 463-466, 470, 479, 481,
483-492 [GS], 1, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12-13, 18-20, 22, 25-26, 32, 41, 46, 49-53, 55,
59-60, 62-64, 69, 82-83, 85-86, 111, 114, 127, 132, 134, 136, 138-142, 144-147,
149-150, 161-162, 165-169, 171-172, 174, 187, 190, 192, 194-196, 198-199,
201-202, 216-217, 219, 224, 226-235, 237, 239, 241, 245-249, 251, 256, 258,
260-262, 266-267, 269-273, 274, 274-275, 276, 276, 277, 277-283, 284, 284-285, 289, 291, 294-296, 304, 306-307, 309, 311, 314-315,
323-327, 335, 337-339, 341-346, 348, 356-358 [PS], 3, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16-17, 19-20, 22, 25, 28-29, 31, 33-36, 38, 40-49,
51-62, 64-67, 74, 80, 88, 107, 109, 112, 132, 140, 145-150, 153-165, 167,
207-209, 214, 222, 227, 248, 251-252, 255-259, 261, 264, 268, 276, 289,
317-320, 325, 331, 335, 338, 340, 342, 345, 347-349, 350, 351-353, 355, 359-379, 382-383, 385-387, 391-392, 395, 397,
405-406, 408, 410, 413-414, 419-420, 429-430, 432-433, 435, 437-439, 442-443,
464-466, 470, 472, 474, 486-489, 491, 494, 498-501, 505-506, 506, 507-512 [FS] Earth contraction, 140-142, 145-146 [PS] Earth Doctor, 264 [GS] Earth expansion, 142-147, 162, 168 [PS] Earth Institute (Columbia University), 466 [FS] Earth-crossing objects, 75 [GS] earthquakes (seismic waves), 204, 210, 249, 307, 321 [PS],
198, 432, 454 [GS], 63, 67, 123, 363, 373, 406, 410, 413, 420-421, 443,
470-471, 477, 484, 488, 507, 512 [FS] East Anglia, 6 [FS] East Indies, 31 [FS], 64 [PS] Easter Island (Rapa Nui), 98, 102,
241 [FS], 286 [GS] Easterbrook, Greg, 48 [FS] Eatherley, Dan, 158 [FS] Eaton, Alfred, 224 [GS] Eben Shetiya (var.), 108 [FS] Ebla & Ebla tablets, 106,
122 [FS], 62, 208 [GS] eclipse(s), lunar, 96, 105-106, 113, 117-118, 453, 492 [GS] eclipse(s), solar, 67, 96, 105-106, 113, 117-118, 453, 454 [GS], 150-151 [PS] eclipses, lunar & solar, 112 [FS] Ecuador, 445 [FS] edentates, 444 [FS] Edinburgh, 12 [FS], 378 [GS] Edison, 101 [GS] Edmonson, M. S., 89 [GS] Edmonton, 61 [PS] Edmontosaurus, 186 [PS] Edsel Ford Mountains, 321, 324 [PS] Efe (deity), 200 [GS] Efé Pygmies, 174 [PS], 174-176, 178, 198, 201 [GS] Eggleton, Hugh, 70 [PS] Egypt, Egyptians, 9, 17, 18, 20, 25, 31, 35, 37-39, 55, 56, 61-62,
63, 78, 80, 96, 102, 109, 133, 141-142, 146, 147, 149, 168, 192, 195, 205, 214,
230-231, 269, 280, 305, 311, 312, 355, 432, 443 [GS], 49, 91, 92, 95, 108,
116, 119, 123, 133, 137, 143, 144, 144, 212,
214, 215, 227-228, 237, 240, 279, 293, 298, 303-304, 395, 437, 453 [FS],
62, 119, 170 [PS] Ehecatl, 435, 435-437, 457 [GS] Eichstätt, 94, 117 [PS] Einstein, Albert, 150, 158, 163, 164 [PS], 394 [GS] Eisley, Loren C., 445, 453, 470 [FS] Eissfeldt, Otto, 129 [FS] Ekapada (Aja Ekapad), 440 [GS], 236 [FS] Ekphantos, 108 [GS], 109 [FS] El (Elus, Il, Ilus), 118, 120, 122, 129, 132, 136, 280, 299,
347 [FS], 135, 141, 142, 223-227, 229, 267-268, 283, 305, 433, 443,
448 [GS], 63 [PS] El Caracol, 436, 436 [GS] El Elyon, 118 [FS] El Jobo culture, 450 [FS] El Shaddai (see Shaddai) [FS] Elagabalus (Gabal), 78, 79, 314 [GS] Elagabalus, emperor (see Marcus Aurelius
Antoninus) Elam, 117 [GS] el-Amarna correspondence, 212-213 [GS] Eldridge, Niles, 348 [PS] electric currents & other phenomena (cosmic), 73-74, 78-79, 81,
83-86, 127, 132, 134, 136, 142, 153, 164, 167-169, 172, 244, 246-247, 250-251,
298, 307, 324, 327, 331-332, 335, 339, 346, 358 [PS] electric currents & other phenomena (terrestrial), 74, 169,
289-291 [PS] Electric Discharge Machining, 240, 243 [PS] electric discharge, 461-462, 482, 484 [GS] electric fields (see electromagnetic fields) electrical charges & discharges, cosmic, 74-76, 78, 240 ff.,
330, 343-344 [PS] electrical charges & discharges, experimental, 17 [PS] electrical charges & discharges, terrestrial (see lightning) electricity & electromagnetism (in space), 179, 302, 382, 413,
424, 426, 462, 464-465, 472, 476-478, 481-482, 489-490, 492 [GS] electricity & electromagnetism in astronomy, 42, 44, 147-148,
158-159, 249, 256, 259, 262, 264, 268, 281-282, 285, 287-288, 331-337, 351,
364, 366, 369, 372-376, 440, 472, 474, 490-491, 493, 500-501, 508-509,
511-512 [FS] electromagnetic field (solar), 85, 151, 335 [PS] electromagnetic field (terrestrial)—see geomag-netic field [FS] electromagnetic fields (cosmic), 74, 78, 157, 163-168, 232,
337 [PS] electromagnetic fields (general & terrestrial), 14, 85, 166,
169, 190, 196, 270, 288, 291, 293, 296, 298, 301, 314, 337-338 [PS] electromagnetic fields (other than terrestrial), 148, 334, 339,
474 [FS] electromagnetic fields (planetary), 14, 85, 153, 169, 270,
299 [PS] electromagnetic fields (stellar), 169 [PS] electromagnetism (see electricity & electromagnetism in
astronomy) electrons, 74, 76-77, 167, 296, 298 [PS] Elephanta, Temple of, 234,
242 [FS] Elephantine, 123 [FS] elephants (see also mammoths & mastodons), 168, 170, 178, 444,
451-455, 478 [FS], 404 [GS], 88, 123, 124, 125, 127-128, 351 [PS] elephant-seal, 351 [PS] Elgon, Mount, 3, 25 [FS], 311 [PS] Eliade, Mircea, 345 [PS], 70-71 [GS], 90, 91, 114, 237-238,
434 [FS] elk, 131, 134, 351 [PS], 493 [GS], 77, 206 [FS] Ellenberger, C. Leroy, 160, 162, 184, 254-255, 257, 395 [GS],
21, 30, 59, 186, 188-189, 375 [FS] Ellesmere Island, 3, 84, 206 [FS], 365, 394, 400, 458,
493 [GS] Ellington, Charles, 115 [PS] elm trees, 368, 385 [GS] Eloah, 118, 122, 129, 132, 136 [FS],
223, 225, 226, 227 [GS] Elohim, 117-118, 122, 129, 132, 136, 208, 289-290, 291, 292, 298,
345, 370 [FS], 28, 68-69, 148, 151, 204-205, 223-227, 262, 267-268, 429,
434, 435, 437, 443, 448 [GS] Elohist tradition, 28 [GS] Elos, 135 [GS] Elworthy, Frederick, 107 [FS] emeralds, 341 [PS] Emesa, 78, 79, 82 [GS] Emiliani, Cesare, 30-31, 48, 55, 400-401 [FS] Emmet, Arielle, 155, 157 [GS] emus, 202 [FS], 98, 101, 109 [PS] Enewetak Atoll, 236 [PS] England (see also Britain), 17 [GS], 3, 6, 84, 355, 405, 407,
427, 479 [FS] Enigma of the Swastika, The, 29 [GS] Eninnu, 129 [GS] Enki, 125, 133-134 [FS], 213,
225 [GS] Enlightenment, 465 [FS] Enlil, 105 [FS], 210 [GS] En-Me-Íar-ra, 132 [FS] En-Me-Sar-ra, 121, 125, 145 [GS] Enoch, 207, 299, 419 [FS],
283 [GS] Enoch, Book of the Secrets of, 298-299 [FS], 283 [GS] Enosh, 172 [PS], 419 [FS] Enuma Elish, 147, 266, 269 [GS],
64, 125, 302 [FS] Enzu (see Sin) [GS] Eocene epoch, 16, 46, 95-96, 212,
214, 279 [PS], 361-366, 369, 374, 375, 380, 385-386 [GS], 9, 161, 505 [FS] Eosphoros, 54 [GS] Ephesus, 78 [GS] Epicureans, 43 [GS] Epicurus, 47, 48 [GS] Epidaurus, 94 [FS] epidemics (see also dis-ease), 182 [PS] Epidendrosaurus, 350 [PS] Epigeios, 168 [GS] Epigenes, 115 [GS] epilepsy, 25 [PS] Epinomis,
55 [GS] Epsilon Eridani, 328 [GS] Epsilon Indi & attendants, 8 [PS] Epsilon Indi B, Ba, & Bb, 155, 156 [FS] Epstein, Samuel, 202 [FS] equinox(es), 105, 118, 351 [GS] equinoxes, precession of, 96, 102-105, 103, 116, 454-455, 456 [GS] (see
also under precession) Eratosthenes, 101, 121 [GS], 109 [FS] Erebus, 272, 275, 432 [GS], 289 [FS] Erech, 142 [FS], 229 [GS] ‘Eretz, 262 [GS] eretz,
126 [FS] ergosterol, 25 [PS] Ericson, David, 5 [FS] Erketu ellisoni, 249 [PS] Erlian Basin, 109 [PS] Ermis (see Hermes) eros (asteroid), 151-152, 153 [PS] erosion, 33 ff., 321 [PS], 71 [FS] erratic boulders, 3, 8, 62-63, 69-71, 72, 73, 391 [FS] Erwin, Doug, 209 [PS] Esagila, 144 [FS] Esarhaddon, 113 [FS] eskers, 73 [FS] Eskimos (see also Inuit), 172, 197, 337 [GS], 67, 208, 308,
420, 439, 442 [FS], 25 [PS] ESO (illustration courtesy of), 85 [PS] ester, polyphosphate, 15 [PS] Eta Carinae, 333, 334 [PS] Etruria, 239 [GS] Etruscans, 12, 443 [GS], 124 [FS],
348 [PS] Eudoxos, 13 [GS] Euhemerus, 13 [GS] Euphrates, 117 [GS] Eurasia, 28 [FS], 414 [GS] Eurasian Basin, 466 [GS] Eureka Sound, 365 [GS] Eurema lisa, 22-23 [PS] Europa (satellite), 153 [FS] Europe, Europeans, 16, 37, 40, 48, 93, 363, 371, 374, 378, 384, 394,
404, 442, 444, 452 [GS], 2, 3, 6, 17, 27, 31, 52, 55-56, 81, 85, 95, 98,
99, 171, 178-182, 184, 188-190, 192-193, 195-200, 202, 213, 215, 239, 299, 349,
398, 431, 445, 456, 460-462, 480, 505 [FS], 47, 58, 145, 238, 248, 263,
324 [PS] European Southern Observatory (ESO), 226 [FS] European Southern Observatory
(ESO)—(illustrations courtesy of), 493 [FS] European Space Agency, 332 [GS], 344 [PS] Eurus, 433 [GS] Eusebius Pamphili (Eusebius of Caesarea), 28, 312, 432 [GS],
123, 279 [FS] Evangelicae Praeparationis,
432 [GS] Evans, D., 19-20 [FS] Even ha-Shetiyah (see Eben Shetiya) Evening Star (see also Venus), 105 [FS], 54, 59, 61, 89,
90 [GS] Evenki, Evenks, 179, 238 [FS] evil eye, 248, 249 [FS] evolution & origin of life, 15, 17-20, 22-24, 26, 32, 36-38, 55,
82, 94, 99, 128, 133, 150, 175-178, 188, 194, 208, 226, 228-229, 231, 249, 257,
266, 269, 341-345, 348-351, 353 [PS] evolution (see also inter-breeding), 153, 167, 181, 198-199, 429,
468, 474-475, 483 [FS] Exobiology Program, NASA’s, 205 [PS] Exodus (of the Israelites from Egypt), 205,
224 [GS], 62 [PS], 124 [FS] Exodus, 119, 120 [FS] exoplanets (see planets, extrasolar) extinctions (see also overkill), 38, 61, 180, 328, 443 ff., 463 ff.,
470 ff., 484 ff., 487-488, 507, 512 [FS], 36, 170, 175-190, 192-196, 198,
207-212, 214-215, 217-220, 222-224, 226-229, 231-234, 237, 239, 247-250,
256-258, 261, 345 [PS] extinctions, periodicity of, 214-215, 217, 227 [PS] Eyah asher Eyah, 125-126 [FS] Eye, mythological, 22, 31 [GS] Eye, pupil of (mythological), 22 [GS] Ezekiel, 227 [GS] Ezekiel,
Book of, 227 [GS] F Faber, G. S., 439 [GS] Fagan, Brian, 400 [FS] Fairbanks, Richard, 398 [FS] Fairbridge, Rhodes, 247 [PS], 400, 408, 410-411 [FS] Falkland Islands, 8 [FS] Far East (see also Asia), 206 [FS] Farnell, Lewis, 67 [GS] Farwardin, 151, 204 [GS] Fast, Jewish, 127 [FS] Fasti,
239 [GS] Father of Light, 142, 301 [FS] Fauconnet, Max, 39 [GS] Faulkner, R. O., 25, 61 [GS] Fawcett, Peter, 280 [PS] Feathered Serpent (see also
Quetzalcoatl), 156 [FS] feathers, 97-98, 101 ff. [PS] Feduccia, Alan, 97, 101, 104-106, 108, 117 [PS] Feldstein, Yasha, 295 [PS] Fell, Barry, 386-387 [FS] Fenlands, 43 [PS] Ferguson, Harry, 76 [PS] Ferguson, John, 162 [PS] ferns, 156 [FS], 365 [GS], 42,
48, 237 [PS] Fertile Crescent (see Mesopotamia) FG Sagittae, 468 [GS] Field, T. William, 58, 365 [FS] Fields, Scott, 394 [FS] Fienberg, Richard, 31 [PS] Fifth force (see hypercharge) fig trees, 368 [GS] Fijians, 294 [FS] Filippenko, Alexei, 316 [FS] Filler, Aaron, 349 [PS] Finland, 289 [PS] Finno-Ugrics, 150 [FS] Finns, 20 [GS] Finsen, Niels, 25 [PS] fiords, 66, 69 [FS] Fiorillo, Anthony, 252-255, 258 [PS] Fiote, 165 [GS] fir trees, 368 [GS] Fire Stone (see Eben Shetiya) [FS] Fire Sun (see Sun of Fire) firmament, 274, 278 [PS] Firsoff, Val Axel, 72-73, 154-155, 157, 162, 325-326, 327, 335,
336 [GS], 15, 18 [PS], 155 [FS] First Father (Mayan & Gno-stic), 151, 300 [FS] First One (Guarani), 151, 155 [FS] Fischbach, Ephraim, 149 [PS] Fischer, Alfred, 218 [PS] Fischer, Debra, 470 [GS] Fischer, Steven, 98 [FS] Fischman, Joshua, 174, 179-180 [FS], 102 [PS] fish, 158, 408 [FS], 22, 25, 41, 43,
56-58, 184, 185, 209, 211, 236 [PS], 286, 288, 289 [GS] Fitzwilliam College, Cam-bridge, 73 [GS] Flamsteed, Sam, 161, 325, 326, 328, 468 [GS], 318,
435 [FS] flares & flare-ups, stellar (see also under novae &
supernovae), 9, 73-75, 78, 80-83, 84, 84, 86,
228, 233-235, 239, 247, 270, 272, 301-302, 304, 307, 310, 314, 337-340, 351,
357-358 [PS] flares, solar, 82, 83, 151, 152, 233 [PS] Flavius Josephus, 208 [GS],
481 [FS] flies (see also fruit flies), 20, 21,
265 [PS] flint, 182, 183 [FS] Flint, Richard, 43, 44, 417-418 [FS] Flood, Biblical (see Deluge) floods, 16, 51, 62-63, 70, 74-75, 201-202, 204, 207, 387, 389, 391
ff., 403, 414, 420, 443, 470-471, 507, 512 [FS], 42, 43, 61, 182, 184,
186, 189, 252, 258 [PS] Flores Man (see Homo floresiensis) Flores, 173 [PS] Florida, 197, 240 [PS], 47, 285,
427-428, 471 [FS], 73, 365, 366 [GS] flutes (primitive), 171-172 [FS] flux tubes, 291 [PS], 458, 459, 461, 464 [GS] Flynn, John, 87 [FS] fog (terrestrial and celestial), 201, 264, 265, 266, 268, 271, 276,
306, 366, 449, 457 [GS] Foing, Bernard, 344 [PS] Foley, Robert, 129 [PS] Folger, Tim, 163 [PS], 296 [FS] Folgheraiter, Giuseppe, 355 [FS] Folsom, 456 [FS] Folsom culture, 456-457 [FS] Fomalhaut, 56 [GS] Font de Gaume, 188 [FS] foraminifera, 19, 388 [FS] Ford, Eric, 329 [GS] Forenbaher, Staso, 441 [GS] forests & forest fires, 42-44, 45,
45, 48-49, 198, 200-201, 221-222, 237-238, 251, 263, 321, 337 [PS] forests, drowned, 398, 407 [FS] Fornander, A., 227 [GS] Fornax (constellation & galaxy cluster), 333 [FS],
477 [GS], 76 [PS] Forrest, Bob, 105 [FS], 22,
120 [GS] Forshufvud, Ragnar, 191 [GS] Fort Yukon, 354 [GS] Fort, Charles Hoy, 72 [PS], 83,
101 [GS] Fortey, Richard, 132-133, 180, 194, 207-208, 248, 341 [PS] Forward, R. L., 322 [GS] Fosheim Peninsula, 365 [GS] fossils and skeletal remains (see also under dinosaurs and
mineralization), 19, 34-39, 41-42, 44, 48, 56-58, 61, 65 ff., 88 ff., 90 ff.,
94 ff., 101 ff., 110 ff. 117 ff., 134, 177, 180-182, 183, 184-185, 190, 192, 196, 200, 202, 209, 211, 211, 219, 222, 225, 230, 237, 249, 251-254, 257, 320 [PS],
363, 365, 368-369, 374, 404 [GS], 17, 34, 76 , 84-85, 87, 165, 168, 170,
171, 172, 172, 173, 174-180, 182, 183, 196-199, 202,
407-409, 416, 418, 426, 446, 448, 450-451, 453, 455-456, 460, 462-466, 470-471,
476-479, 482-484 [FS] Foster Roizen, Donna (photograph by), 314 [FS] Foundation Stone (see Eben Shetiya) [FS] foxes, 183, 444 [FS], 493 [GS] France, 17 [GS], 212 [PS], 3, 6, 31, 171, 175-176, 180,
182-184, 186, 188, 190-191, 193-194, 196, 198, 200, 206, 268-270, 431, 450,
451, 456, 473, 479 [FS] Francis, Jane, 375, 380 [GS] Francis, Wilfrid, 43, 48 [PS] Frank, Adam, 1, 2 [PS], 494-495 [FS] Frank, Barry, 267 [GS] Frank, Louis, 40-43 [FS] Frankfort, Henri, 106 [FS] Franz Josef Land, 80 [FS] Frazer, James, 2, 4, 24, 133, 145, 149 [GS], 99 [FS] Freeland, H., 19-20 [FS] Freemasons, 91 [FS] French Atomic Energy Commission (see Atomic Energy of
France) [PS] Fréret, Nicolas, 65-66 [GS] Freud, Sigmund, 20, 21, 21 [GS] Fricco, 240 [FS] Friedman, Herman, 372-373, 375 [FS] Frisians, 272 [GS] frost giant, 389-390 [FS] fruit flies, 20, 24-25 [PS] fruit, 23-25 [PS] Fuhr, Ilse, 76 [GS] Fuller, M., 361 [FS] Fulsome, Clair, 17 [PS] fundamentalists & creationists, 53-54, 295, 297, 359-360,
379 [FS] fundamentalists, Biblical (see creationists) fungus, 25 [PS] fusion, 78 [PS] G G77-61, 54 [PS] Gabal, 78 [GS] Gaea, 47 [GS] Gaensler, Bryan, 233-234 [PS] Gah, 232 [GS] Gaia (theory), 295 [GS] Gakkel Ridge, 266 [PS] Galactic Centre Lobe, 245 [PS],
462 [GS] galactic discharge, 478, 489 [GS] galactic ejections (see also planetary ejections, astral ejections),
472, 475-476, 485 [GS] Galápagos Islands, 286 [GS], 348 [PS] galaxies, 146-148, 250, 255, 280, 293, 296, 316, 367, 490,
492 [FS], 250, 424, 426, 461, 462, 472, 474-476, 478, 485, 489 [GS],
5, 75-77, 79-80, 146, 155, 156, 157, 159, 232,
307, 335, 353-357 [PS] Galaxy (see also Milky Way), 249, 250,
343 [GS], 38, 45, 46, 157, 224, 257, 259, 316, 367, 428-429, 433, 467,
491, 501 [FS] Galileo Galilei, 147, 150 [PS],
23, 93, 101, 105, 174, 175, 176 [GS] Galileo space probe, 499 [FS], 153 [PS] Gallagher, Dennis, 298 [GS] Gallant, René, 33 [FS] Gallant, Roy, 159, 257 [GS] Galveston Bay, 398-399 [FS] gamma rays (see also under cosmic rays), 227-228, 231-237,
261 [PS], 249 [FS] Gamow, George, 292-293, 295 [FS],
68 [GS] Ganapathy, R., 212 [PS] Ganapolski, Andrey, 204 [FS] Ganetic Trough, 66, 68 [FS] Ganges, 66 [FS] Gangloff, Roland, 252 [PS] Gargett, Robert, 178 [FS] Garlick, Mark, 153 [FS] Garuda Purana, 236 [GS] Garvie, A. E., 347 [FS] gas (cosmic), 429-430 [FS] gas, gasoline (natural), 485-486 [FS], 51-52, 58-59,
62 [PS] Gaster, T. H., 222 [FS] Gatewood, George, 332 [GS] Gaudens, 44 [GS] Gaul, 42, 107 [GS] Gauls, 240 [FS] Gauss, Johann Carl Friedrich, 349,
353 [FS] Gausser, A., 417 [FS] gavial, 367 [GS] Gay, Pamela, 251, 466 [FS] Gaza, 127, 128 [FS] Geb, 443, 444 [GS] Gebal, 123 [FS] Gehrels, Neil, 148 [FS] Geikie, Archibald, 3, 6, 406, 505 [FS] Geiseltal, 46 [PS] Gemini (constellation), 115 [GS] Gemini North and Keck telescopes, 471 [GS] Geminos of Rhodes, 107 [GS] general relativity (see relativity) Genesis and the Big Bang, 68 [GS] Genesis, 118, 120, 126, 132, 219,
289-290, 292-293, 295-299, 301, 307, 315, 395-396, 419 [FS], 26, 28, 68,
70, 111, 148, 204, 224, 262, 269, 274, 282, 283, 321, 429, 435, 441,
446 [GS], 274 [PS] Geneva Observatory, 493 [FS] Geneva, 249 [GS] Genie of the Pivot, 237 [GS] GEO,
430 [FS] geologic strata, 33, 34, 34, 35, 35-36, 37, 37 ff., 44, 52, 180, 196-197 [PS] Geologic succession (table), 9 [FS] geologic time scales, 214 [PS] Geological Society of London, 16 [FS] Geological Survey of Canada, 195 [PS] Geological Survey of India, 416-417 [FS] geomagnetic field and geo-magnetism
(terrestrial)—see also magnetosphere and paleomagnetism, 12, 45, 51, 54-55, 57,
61, 160, 349, 350, 351 ff., 361, 363, 366,
368-369, 372, 508-509 [FS] geomagnetic field anomalies (terrestrial),
365-366 [FS] geomagnetic field collapse (terrestrial),
34-35 [FS] geomagnetic field excursions, 358, 360, 363,
488 [FS] geomagnetic field reversals (terrestrial),
34, 57, 61, 351-352, 353, 354, 355, 358-367, 369, 488, 512 [FS] geomagnetic fields (planetary, stellar,
galactic, & spatial), 249, 366-367 [FS] geomagnetic poles (see magnetic poles) geophysical diffraction tomography, 121 [PS] George Mason University, 356 [PS] Georgia State University, 260 [FS] geotropism, 171 [PS] Germanicus, 122 [GS] Germany, Germans, 17, 20, 28-29, 181 [GS], 2, 3, 170, 179, 240,
273-274, 431, 473, 479 [FS], 46, 57-58, 117 [PS] geysers (planetary), 55 [PS] Gibbon, W., 104 [FS] Gibraltar, 479 [FS] Gibson, A. M., 74 [FS] Gibson, John, 405 [GS] gigantism, 482 [FS] Gigantopithecus, 134, 136, 137 [PS] Gigantoraptor erlianensis,
109 [PS] Gigantosaurus, 118, 170 [PS] GIII, 137, 138 [FS] Gilbert Islands (see Kingsmill
Islands) Gilbert Islands, 218 [FS] Gilbert, Grove Karl, 49 [FS] Gilbert, William, 291 [PS] Gilgamesh, 198 [GS] Gilluly, James, 258 [GS] Gilmore, I., 201 [PS] Gimbutas, Marija, 239 [FS], 312,
444 [GS] Ginenthal, Charles, 267 [PS], 400,
404, 411, 413, 426 [FS], 466 [GS] Gingerich, Owen, 186, 188-189,
193 [FS], 99 [GS] Ginzberg, Louis, 205, 429, 448 [GS],
292, 419 [FS] Giotto spacecraft, 244 [PS] giraffes, 351 [PS] Girsu, 128 [GS] Giuliani, Bob (illustrations by), 346 [GS], 78, 159, 203, 428 [FS], 90, 92, 94, 95, 96, 105, 106, 107, 119, 120, 126, 135, 185 [PS] Giza, 453 [FS] Gizis, John, 80 [PS] glacial striations, 2, 68-70, 71, 71-72 [FS] Glacial theory (see ice ages) glaciers, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 22-23, 25, 28-30, 33, 36, 48-51, 62, 66,
70-71, 73-74, 80-82, 167, 190, 202, 204, 207, 386, 389, 391, 393-394, 397-402,
405-406, 408, 410-411, 433, 438, 453, 462, 487-488, 505, 507,
512-513 [FS], 202, 237, 262-267, 281, 285, 304, 309-313, 313, 314-315, 319, 321, 325 [PS] Glass, Billy, 323 [PS] Glausiusz, Josie, 329 [GS] Glenister, B., 360 [FS] Gliese, 229, 148 [FS], 268 [PS] Gliese 229B, 148-149 [FS] Gliese 710, 502 [FS] Gliese 876, 2, 268 [PS], 328, 350 [GS] global warming, 189, 193 [PS], 397,
507 [FS] Glock. W. S., 162 [FS] Glueck, Nelson, 376 [GS] gneiss, 49 [PS] Gnosticism, Gnostics, 137, 143, 150,
217-218, 223, 299-302 [FS], 63 [PS] goats, 351 [PS] Gobi Desert, 184, 306 [PS],
418 [FS] God, Intelligent Designer, Creator, 102,
117-118, 132, 136, 137, 142, 150, 156, 178, 223, 292, 295-296, 299-300, 345,
347-348, 396-397, 419-420 [FS], 22, 26, 28, 45, 63, 68, 93, 148, 151, 210,
217, 223, 224, 263, 283, 306, 429, 448 [GS], 63, 307 [PS] Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 32 [PS] Goddard Space Flight Center, 327,
328 [GS] goddess of flocks, 212 [FS] gods, origin of, 509 [FS] Goedicke, Hans, 223 [GS] Gokavyi, Nick, 328 [GS] gold, 200, 208 [PS] Gold, Thomas, 395-397 [GS], 49, 51-52, 54, 59-60, 62 [PS] Golden Age, 306, 315, 357 [GS], 79, 86,
213, 345 [FS] Golden Gate Park, 245 [FS] Goldman, Stuart, 468 [GS] Goldreich, Peter, 158-159 [PS] Goldsmith, Donald, 160-161,
163-165 [PS], 372 [FS] Golimowski, David, 326 [GS] Golovneva, Lena, 256 [PS] Gonds, 395 [FS] Gondwana, Gondwanaland, 10, 11,
73 [FS], 210 [PS] Goodman, Ellen, 187 [PS] Goose Bay, 286 [PS] Gordon, Cyrus, H., 122-123, 126,
347 [FS] Gore, Rick, 157, 160 [GS], 190, 192, 202 [PS] Gorges de l’Aveyron, Les, 175-176 [FS] Gorman, Jessica, 287 [GS] Gospel of Bartholomew, 347 [FS] Gospel of Matthew, 347 [FS] Gospels (see also Bible), 300 [FS],
22 [GS] Gothenburg flip, 61 [FS] Goths, 16 [GS] Göttingen, 349 [FS] Gould, Stephen Jay, 102, 107, 175, 187-188,
192-193, 199, 207, 216, 218, 256, 342, 348, 349 [PS], 195, 393, 464-465,
468-469 [FS] Gould’s Belt, 38 [FS] GQ Lupi, 268 [PS] Graces, 80 [GS] gradualism (see uniformitarianism) Grady, Wayne, 212 [PS] Graha, 234 [FS] Graham, George Donald, 171 [PS] Graham, Jeffrey, 114 [PS],
347 [GS] Grahanayakah, 120, 133 [GS] grain, 265 [PS] Grain-goddess, 212 [FS] Grand Canyon, 34 [PS] granite, 49, 208 [PS] grape vine, 312 [GS] graphite, 49-50 [PS] gravel, 41, 66, 68-69, 319 [PS],
67 [FS] graves (see under burials) Graves, Robert, 204 [GS] gravitation, gravity (and theory of—see also
antigravity), 107, 179, 184, 474, 476, 490 [GS], 74, 140, 256-257, 262,
282, 324, 329, 337, 376, 435-436, 491 [FS], 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 14, 55, 122,
127-128, 132, 134, 136, 138-143, 145-169, 171-174, 210, 217, 237, 250-251, 283,
298, 335, 338 [PS] gravitational constant (G), 161-162, 166 [PS] gravity (lunar), 47 [FS] gravity, mock, 159, 161 [PS] gravity, repulsive, 158-161 [PS] Gray, Andrew, 245 [PS], 462, 484 [GS] Gray, Bennison, 37-38 [PS],
510-511 [FS] Gray, David, 326 [GS] Great Basin, Nevada, 22 [FS] Great Bear (Ursa Major constellation), 186,
188-190, 316 [FS] Great Britain (see Britain) Great Comet, 50 [PS] Great Han Hai sea, 418 [FS] Great Lakes, North American, 56, 393, 407, 442, 451 [FS],
321 [PS] Great Man, 371, 390 [FS] Great Plain (of the Koakjuaq), 410 [FS] Great Red Spot, Jupiter’s, 149 [FS] Great Salt Lake & Basin, 392 [FS] Great Spirit (Amerind), 67, 421-422 [FS] Greece, Greeks (see also Hellenes), 4, 5, 9, 13, 17, 20, 26, 28, 35,
43, 45-47, 52, 54-56, 71, 75, 78, 80, 93, 102, 105, 107, 109, 113, 114-116,
120-121, 135, 137, 163, 167, 169, 227, 229, 232, 239, 241, 252, 262, 275, 307,
312, 433, 444, 453 [GS], 64, 90, 91-92, 94-96, 101, 105, 108-109, 112,
114-115, 142, 145, 229, 239-240, 259, 294, 305, 355, 437, 477 [FS],
348 [PS] Green River (Arizona), 57 [PS] Green, John (illustrations by), 3, 6-7,
10-11, 12, 18, 40, 48, 49, 85, 86, 199, 277, 318, 352, 421 [GS], 93, 101, 144, 154, 449, 458-459 [FS] Green, Y. S. (illustrations by), 103, 311, 447 [FS] Greenberg, Lewis M., 345 [FS] Greenberg, Lewis M., 90 [PS] Greene, Thomas, 428 [GS] greenhouse effect, 12, 31, 164, 385, 485, 507 [FS], 192-193,
269 [PS] Greenland, Greenland Sea, 19,
265-266, 317, 322, 338-339, 341 [PS], 6, 23, 24, 30, 38, 49, 52-53, 66,
74, 80, 82, 83, 84-85, 203, 354, 387, 442,
488-489 [FS], 201, 368, 372, 394, 458 [GS] Greenwell, Richard, 225 [PS] Gregory, Bruce, 97 [GS] Griaule, Marcel, 173 [GS] Gribbin, John, 21, 373, 375 [FS],
93 [GS] Grieve, Richard, 201 [PS] Griffard, David, 16, 265,
340 [GS] Griffiths, Gwyn, 9, 13 [GS] Griggs, R. F., 81 [FS] Grigson, Geoffrey, 105 [FS] Grimal, Nicolas, 219, 220 [FS] Grimm, Jacob, 439 [GS] Grimwade, John (illustration after), 121 [PS] Grinnell Land, 82 [FS] Grisewood, E. N., 20 [PS] Grolier Codex, 91, 92 [GS] Groningen, University of, 157 [PS] Grootfontein, 440 [FS] Grottatore, 442 [GS] Grotte du Renne, 171 [FS] grouse, 203 [FS] Grubaugh, Robert, 411-412 [GS] Guanajuato, University of (photograph by), 242 [PS] Guarani, 151, 155 [FS] Guatemala, 1, 224 [PS], 438 [GS] Guattari Cave, 174-175 [FS] Guaymas Basin, 58 [PS] Gubbio, 180, 196-197, 220, 228, 230 [PS] Gucumatz (see also Quetzalcoatl), 439 [GS] Gudea, 129 [GS], 302 [FS] Gudrun Epic,
16-17 [GS] Gudrun, 16-17 [GS] Guénon, René, 243 [GS] Guest Stars (see also novae and
supernovae), 95 [GS] Guinness, Alma, 296 [FS] Guirand, F., 165, 262-263 [GS] Gula Hymn of Bullutsa-rabi,
128 [GS] Gula, 128 [GS] Gulf of California, 426 [FS],
58-59 [PS] Gulf of Corinth, 442 [FS] Gulf of Mexico, 203, 205, 219, 226 [PS],
398, 400, 442, 486 [FS] Gulf Stream, 204 [FS], 260 [PS] Gunst, R. H., 349 [FS] Gurnis, Michael, 248 [PS] Gutenberg, Beno, 140 [PS] Gwin, Peter, 350 [PS] Gypsies, 348 [FS] H H.M.S. Beagle, 406 [FS] Haab, 89 [GS] Haberle, Robert, 348 [GS] habitable zone, 153-155 [FS],
190-191 [GS], 269 [PS] Hadad, 124-125 [FS] Hades, 301 [FS], 432 [GS] Hadracodium wui, 117 [PS] hadrosaurs (but see also dinosaurs), 253 [PS] Hag of the Ridges (see Cailleach
Bhur) [FS] Hagen, John, 480 [FS] Haida, 197, 338 [GS] Haiti, 200, 203, 224 [PS], 241,
397 [FS] Haldane, J. B. S., 15, 17 [PS] Hall, Frederick F., 67, 177, 254, 324,
344-345, 357, 411, 417-419, 422 [GS], 502 [FS] Hall, Manly, 241 [GS] Hallam, Anthony, 38, 214, 223 [PS],
405-406, 464 [FS] Hallberg, Peter, 14 [GS] Hallet, Jean-Pierre, 175 [GS],
Jean-Pierre, 208 [FS] Halley, Edmund, 109, 111, 112 [GS], 109, 112 [FS] Halley’s Comet, 217, 244 [PS], 332 [FS], 482 [GS] Hallstat culture, 355, 360 [FS] Halpern Award, 17 [PS] Hamaker, John, 30 [FS] Hamilton, Doug, 339 [FS] Hamilton, Warren, 10, 12 [FS] Hamlet’s Mill, 23, 222,
454-455 [GS] hammanim,
447 [GS] Hammer, Claus, 49, 388 [FS] Hammu (Ammi), 207-208 [GS] Hammurabi, 207-208 [GS] Han dynasty, 92, 111, 237 [GS] Han, J., 61 [PS] hand of God (hand of El/Elohim),
299 [FS] Hanlon, M., 499 [FS] Hann, Julius, 377-378 [GS] Hapgood, Charles, 309 [PS], 34, 48, 52-53, 58, 76, 77, 80, 83,
84, 478 [FS], 393-395, 396, 400 [GS] Haran, 119 [FS] Harappa, 237 [FS] Hare Hongi (see under Hongi, Hare) [FS] Hari-Hara, 230 [FS] Harkness, Doug, 387, 488 [FS] Harland, W. Brian, 11-12 [FS] Haro, Guillermo, 427 [GS] Harrington, Richard, 168-169 [FS] Harrington, Robert, 187 [GS], Robert,
217 [PS] Harris, Al, 43 [FS] Harrison, Jane, 8 [GS] Harrison, Mark, 19 [PS], 505 [FS] hartebeest, giant, 444 [FS] Hartmann, William, 414, 416 [FS] Hartner, Willy, 117 [GS] Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 233 [PS] Harvard University, 13 [FS], 234 [PS] Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 45 [FS],
478 [GS] Harwood, David M., 320 [PS] Harz Mountains, 57-58 [PS] Hatch, Ronald, R, 54 [FS] Hathor, 37, 133 [GS] Hawaii, Hawaiians, 3, 25, 98, 103, 309, 312, 358, 385, 386 [FS],
145, 191, 192, 220, 311, 323, 349 [PS], 227, 232 [GS] Hawaii, University of, 12 [PS] Hawaleshka, Danylo, 249 [GS] Hayden, Brian, 176 [FS] Hays, James, 18-19, 21, 22 [FS] hazel trees, 368 [GS] HD 163296, 147 [FS], 427-428, 430-431, 484 [GS], 7 [PS] HD 168443, 328 [GS] HD 209458b, 10 [PS] HD 83443, 328 [GS] HE 0437-5439, 354 [PS] headaches, 508 [FS] headhunters, headhunting, 175 [FS] Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump, 457, 457, 460 [FS] Heap, Sally, 327 [GS] Hearst, William Randolph, 245 [FS] Heart of Heaven, 156, 307 [FS] Heart of the Sky and/or Heart of Heaven, 214, 438 [GS],
64 [PS] Heath, Martin, 349, 350 [GS],
9 [PS] Hebdomeus, 128 [FS] Hebrew University, 157 [PS] Hebrews (see also Israelites, Jews), 39,
204 [GS], 120, 122, 124-125, 127, 135, 345 [FS] Hebrides, 66, 420-421 [FS] Hecateus of Abdera, 107 [GS] Heer, Oswald, 368, 384 [GS],
505 [FS] Heidel, William A., 127, 132-133 [FS], 37, 145, 170, 204, 223,
225, 306, 312 [GS] Heim, A., 417 [FS] Heinberg, Richard, 21 [GS] Helakhic Letter, 144 [FS] Helen (of Troy), 28 [GS] Helicon-Coronas-F satellite, 233 [PS] heliopause (see heliosphere) Heliopolis (Annu), 141 [GS] Heliopolis, 304 [FS] Helios, 71, 72,
73, 121, 135, 136,
137, 139, 148, 163, 165, 217, 252, 312 [GS], 98, 105, 114-117, 122,
128 [FS] heliosphere & heliopause, 159, 257-258, 261, 285, 287, 335, 337,
343, 369, 372, 473-474 [FS], 10, 86, 169, 172, 328-329, 335,
357-358 [PS], 299-300, 419, 422, 482 [GS] helium, 294 [GS], 296, 497 [FS] Helix Nebula, 52, 53 [PS] Hell Creek, 110, 197, 219 [PS] hell, 45 [GS] Hellenes (see also Greeks), 26, 28, 55 [GS] Henbest, Nigel, 59 [FS] Hendel, Ronald S., 224 [GS] Hendy, Chris, 24 [FS] Henneberg, Maciej, 132 [PS] Henry, Thomas, 321 [PS] hens-and-chickens, 295 [GS] Hephaistion, 76 [GS] Hera, 92 [FS] Heraclitus, 217 [GS] Herakleides Ponticus, 100, 101,
108 [GS], 109 [FS] Herakles, 131 [GS] Herbig, George, 427 [GS] Herbig Haro objects, 6, 7 [PS], 427, 427-428, 430-431, 465, 475-477,
481 [GS] Herbig Haro 30, 482 [GS] Herbig Haro 409, 496 [FS] Herlofson, N., 74 [PS] Hermes (Ermis), 52, 54, 56, 314 [GS], 92 [FS] Hermes Trismegistus, 143 [FS] Herod, 108 [FS] Herodian, 165 [GS] Herodotus, 8, 9, 106, 114, 149, 312 [GS] Herschel, J., 158 [PS] Herschel, William, 300 [GS],
342 [FS] Hertogen, J., 230 [PS] Heru-ap-sheta, 61, 409 [GS] Heru-ka-pet, 61, 231 [GS] Heru-khuti, 61, 62 [GS] Heru-tesher, 61, 62 [GS] Hesiod, 26, 45, 56, 262, 272, 433 [GS],
279-280 [FS] Hesperos, 54 [GS] Hess, Harry, 294 [PS], 392 [GS] Heuer, Kenneth, 96, 97, 100 [GS] Heyerdahl, Thor, 38 [GS] Hezekiah, 116-118, 134 [FS] Hezekiah, seal(s) of, 116, 118 [FS] HH 34, 147 [FS], 427, 427, 428,
475, 476, 480-481, 484 [GS] HH 409, 428, 484 [GS], 7 [PS] HH 409-A (B & C), 428 [GS] Hibben, Frank C., 205, 381, 470 [FS] Hickey, Leo, 186, 197, 218 [PS], 366, 384-385 [GS] High Priest(s) (of Israel), 227, 228,
232 [GS] Hiketas, 108 [GS], 109 [FS] Hildebrand, Alan, 203 [PS] Hills, Brian, 3, 6, 77, 248, 319 [PS] Hills, J. G., 180, 182, 183, 332 [GS],
320, 324, 337 [FS] Himalayas, 142, 147 [PS], 30, 31, 66-67,
202, 245, 416-417 [FS] Hindu temples, 234, 242, 246-247 [FS] Hiorter, Olaf Peter, 288 [PS] Hipparchus (Hipparchos), 96, 97, 103, 104, 105, 115, 116, 455 [GS], 109 [FS] Hippeus, 76 [GS] Hippolytus, 112, 429, 446, 457 [GS],
227 [FS] hippopotami, 123 [PS], 6, 205 [FS] Hiranyagarbha, 294 [FS] Hirnschall, Helmut (illustration by), 310 [FS], 197 [GS] Hiroshima, 236 [PS] Hislop. A., 172 [GS] Hissink, Louis, 241 [PS] Hitchcock, Edward, 3 [FS] Hitching, Francis, 179 [PS],
48 [FS] Hittites, 125 [FS], 80 [GS] Ho, 94 [GS] Hoagland, Richard, 159 [GS] Hoare, Lake, 294 [GS] Hoba meteorite, 440, 441 [FS] Hobbs, William H., 407 [FS] Hoerbiger, Hans, 275, 276, 277 [PS],
396 [FS] Hoffman, J. H., 2 [PS] Hoffman, Kenneth A., 355, 358 [FS] Hoffman, Paul, 10, 12, 13 [FS] Hogan, Craig, 159 [PS] Hogarth, Charles (illustrations by), 100, 427 [FS], 148, 176 [PS], 21, 55, 66, 100,
101, 175 [GS] Hokkaido, 421 [FS] Holden, Theodore (Ted), 125, 127-128, 136, 138-139, 145, 165,
167 [PS] Holland, 197 [PS] Holman, Alan, 203 [FS] Holmberg, Uno, 243 [GS] Holocene epoch, 18, 85, 341, 399, 417 [FS], 45, 65, 265,
339 [PS] Holy Ghost (see also Sanctus Spiritus),
429 [GS] Homer, 14, 16, 17, 21, 45, 56, 99 [GS],
92, 96 [FS] Homo erectus,
134 [PS], 176, 455 [FS] Homo floresiensis, 173 [PS] Homo sapiens neanderthalensis (see Neanderthals) Homo sapiens sapiens, 180, 201 [FS] Homo sapiens,
128-129, 130 [PS], 167, 169, 170, 197, 199,
437 [FS], 386 [GS] Honan, 479 [FS] Hongi, Hare, 309 [FS] Honolulu, 410 [FS] Hooker, Dolph Earl, 369, 385 [GS], 46,
48, 49, 275, 281-285, 293, 304, 306 [PS], 5, 27, 29, 48, 76 [FS] Hope, Thomas (illustrations by), 130, 131 [FS] Hopi Mesa, 275 [FS] Hopi, 209, 211, 275, 276, 389 [FS], 285, 286 [GS] Hopkins, David, 264 [PS] Hoppe, Kathryn, 463 [FS] Horeb, Mount, 119, 124 [FS] Horn, Siegfried, H., 122 [FS] Horner, Jack, 91, 98, 100-101, 110, 184, 192 [PS] horns, musical (primitive), 174 [FS] Horrabin, J. F. (illustration by), 189 [FS], 347 [GS] horses, 168, 183, 189, 190, 202, 205-206, 444, 456, 460-463, 479 [FS], 65, 128 [PS],
365, 385 [GS] Horseshoe Bay (Victoria, B.C.), 71 [FS] Hortanes, 240 [FS] Horus (see also Heru Khuti), 61, 62,
78, 133, 231, 409 [GS] Hose, Louise, 289 [GS] Hosea, 348 [FS] Hottentots, 482 [FS] Hourglass Nebula, 334 [PS] Howie, M. Oldfield, 228 [FS] Howorth, Henry, 80 [FS] Hoxne, 427 [FS] Hoyle, Fred, 20, 263, 304 [PS], 21, 22,
25, 35, 36, 40, 48-49, 295, 442, 469, 473 [FS] HR 8210, 232, 234 [PS], 471 [FS] Hraschina, 83 [GS] Hsi, 94 [GS] Hsu, Kenneth, 196, 198 [PS] Huang-ti (also Shang-te, Shang-ti, Shang di), 143 [FS], 237, 238, 264, 317 [GS] Hudson(’s) Bay, 147, 310 [PS], 393,
458, 466 [GS], 3, 53, 84, 408, 432 [FS] Huehueteotl, 240, 317 [GS] Huggett, Richard, 38 [PS] Huggins, William, 49 [PS] Huitzilopochtli, 410 [GS] Hulot, Gauthier, 365-366 [FS] Humphreys, W. J., 33 [FS] hunchbacks, 482 [FS] Hunt, Garry, 157 [GS] Hunt, Warren, 377, 392, 394 [FS] hunters & hunting, 167-170, 179, 181-184,
186, 206, 212, 252, 443 ff. [FS] Hurakan, 156, 307 [FS], 438-439, 440 [GS], 64 [PS] Huronian, 7 [FS] hurricanes, 43, 45 [PS], 51, 57, 63,
477, 507 [FS] Hussein, Saddam, 383 [FS] Hutton, James, 413 [FS] Huxley, Anthony, 473 [FS] Huxley, Thomas, 175 [PS] Huygens spacecraft, 55 [PS] Huygens, Christian, 174 [GS] Hydra, constellation, 268 [PS] hydrate, 486 [FS] hydrocarbons, 49-52, 54-56, 60-65 [PS] hydrodynamics, 288 [FS], 73 [PS] hydrogen, 44, 202, 296-297, 331, 334, 372, 497 [FS], 9, 15, 17,
50, 52, 63, 73, 80, 327 [PS] hydrogen sulfide, 287 [GS] hydrothermal vents, 13 [FS], 58-59, 266 [PS] hyenas, 175, 479 [FS] Hyers, Conrad, 69-70 [GS] Hyginus, Gaius Iulius, 122 [GS] Hyperboreans, 107 [GS] hypercharge (fifth force), 149, 161 [PS] hyposoma, hyposomata, 138 [GS] hypothalamus, 216 [FS] Hypsilodon, 90 [PS] I Íaddai (see Shaddai) [FS] Iamblichus of Chalcis, 100 [GS] Iana, 167 [GS] Ianus (see Janus) [GS] Ibata, Rodrigo, 355-356 [PS] ibex, 455-456 [FS] Icarus, 224 [PS] Ice Age (Pleistocene) 69, 129-132, 134, 147, 173, 202, 237, 263-267,
271, 273-274, 284-286, 312-313, 315-316, 322, 324, 337-341 [PS] ice age(s) (see also inter-glacials), 2 ff.,
14 ff., 27 ff., 51 ff., 109, 145, 160, 164-165, 167-169, 171, 178-180, 184,
186, 188-190, 193, 195, 198-200, 202-209, 236, 340-341, 351-352, 361, 364, 370,
377, 379, 381-382, 385-388, 391 ff., 402 ff., 405 ff., 409 ff., 413 ff., 417
ff., 420-421, 431-433, 437, 443-444, 448, 453, 456, 461-462, 466, 469, 477,
479, 482-483, 485-486, 488-489, 505, 507, 512-513 [FS], 260-263, 266, 273,
279, 281, 286, 304, 309-310, 313-314, 316, 326, 340 [PS], 374 [GS] Ice Age, Little (see Little Ice Age) ice ages, astronomical theory of (see
Milankovitch Theory) ice cores, 200, 265, 315, 317-320, 322,
338-340 [PS], 23, 24, 49, 381, 387, 388, 442, 488-489 [FS] ice, pack (see pack ice) Iceland, 192, 201 [PS], 85, 358, 379,
485 [FS] Ida (asteroid), 416-417 [GS] Idaho, 75, 379, 380-381, 385, 392 [FS] Idavollr, 272 [GS] Idoil (see Adoil) iguanas, 348 [PS] IGY (see International Geophysical Year) IGY Auroral Data Center, 295 [PS] Iku (Mesopotamian cons-tellation), 115, 116 [GS] Il (see Allah) Il (see El) Ilâh (see Allah) I-lai, 114 [FS] Iliad, 14,
16 [GS], 94, 96 [FS] Illinois, 3, 17 [FS] Ilus (see El) IMAGE (satellite), 303 [GS],
160 [FS] Imaging Spectrograph (on Hubble telescope),
432 [FS] Imbolg, 353 [GS] Imbrie, John, 18, 22-24 [FS] Imhotep, 198, 199, 200, 216 [GS] impacts, cosmic & terrestrial (including electrical), 195 ff.,
207 ff., 217 ff., 231, 238 ff., 251, 280, 344-345 [PS] In the Beginning, 177 [GS] Incas, 198, 201, 217, 338, 493 [GS], 241 [FS],
348 [PS] incest, 45, 47 [GS] India, Indians, 20, 31, 35, 132,
151, 196, 201, 255, 275, 280, 355, 439, 441, 442 [GS], 190-191, 202, 220,
222, 313 [PS], 8, 10, 73, 96, 142, 150, 182, 201, 237, 240-242, 244-245,
371, 394-395, 400, 402, 475 [FS] Indian Ocean, 147, 225 [PS],
18, 400 [FS], 280 [GS] Indiana University, 74 [FS] Indo-China, Indo-Chinese, 235, 244 [FS],
151 [GS] Indo-Europeans, 28, 35 [GS] Indonesia, 114, 244, 383, 402-403 [FS], 173 [PS], 201 [GS] Indra, 233 [GS] Indrija Valley, 171 [FS] Indriocotherium, 133 [PS] Indus River & Valley, 201, 242 [FS] Industrial Research & Development, 346 [GS] industrial revolution, 181 [FS] industrialization, 489 [FS] infrared light, 10, 12, 15, 54, 255, 269, 273, 298, 301, 323, 338,
355 [PS] infrared radiation, 156-158, 224-226, 333,
491, 499 [FS] Ingersol, Andrew, 159 [GS] Innovative Notebook, 346 [GS] Inquisition, 113 [GS] insects, 20, 21, 22 ff., 46, 65, 114-115, 115, 116, 117, 133, 221, 238, 265 [PS], 473 [FS] Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 346 [PS] Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleo-anthropology,
108 [PS] Intelligent Designer (see God) interbreeding (see also evolution), 195-200,
209 [FS] Interdisciplinary Studies, Society for (see under Society) interglacials, 306, 338 [PS], 5, 6-7,
44, 49, 55, 488-489, 505 [FS] International Geophysical Year, 294-295 [PS] International Ultraviolet Explorer satellite,
432 [FS] Interplanetary discharges (see thunderbolts) Inuit (see also Eskimos), 179 [FS], 201, 276 [GS] Inyan, 370 [FS] Io (Maori deity), 309, 311 [FS] Io (satellite), 152-154, 154,
346 [PS], 191, 383, 458, 464 [GS] ionization, 500 [FS] ionosphere (terrestrial)—see atmosphere ionospheres, planetary, 77 [PS] ions, 508 [FS], 76-77 [PS] Ions, Veronica, 237 [FS] Iovis (see Jupiter) Iowa, 202 [PS], 284 [FS] Ipurinas, 339 [GS] Iran, Iranians (see also Persia), 300,
348 [FS], 151, 227, 232 [GS] Iraq, 117 [GS], 177, 300 [FS] IRAS satellite, 338 [PS] Ireland, Trevor, 13 [PS] iridium, 196-200, 205, 207-210, 212, 214,
219-222, 224, 226, 228, 230-231, 249, 339-340 [PS], 35, 433, 442 [FS] Irish astronomical Journal, The, 18 [FS] Irish Sea, 42 [GS] iron, 108 [FS], 15, 205, 232 [PS] Isaac, 119-120 [FS] Isaiah, 210 [GS] Iseum (in Rome), 151 [GS] Ishango, 193 [FS] Ishmael, 120 [FS], 224 [GS] Ishtar, 105, 106 [FS], 33, 62, 64, 210 [GS] Isis, 39, 133, 145, 149, 153, 168 [GS] Isis-II, 296 [PS] Islam (see also Moslems), 136 [FS], 81, 174 [GS] islands, birth of, 418 [FS] Isle of Man, 399 [FS] Isle of Sheppey, 407 [FS] Isle of Skye, 420-421 [FS] isostatic rebound & equilibrium, 147, 204, 321 [PS] isostatic rebound, 408 ff. [FS] Israel (patriarch—see Jacob) Israel, Israelites (see also Hebrews, Jews,
Judah), 80, 204-207, 209, 223-224, 227, 268 [GS], 113 [PS], 104-105,
116-117, 119-123, 126, 129, 132-135, 144, 174, 198, 345, 347-348 [FS] Isturitz, 269-270, 274 [FS] Italian Polar Geographic Institute,
47 [FS] Italy, 165, 177, 217, 412 [GS], 3, 174, 183, 240, 321, 355 [FS], 57, 180, 196 [PS] Iton, 26 [GS] Ituri forest, 174 [PS], 174-175, 178,
198 [GS], 483-484 [FS] Ituri Project Research Station,
175 [GS] Itzamna, 209, 212 [FS] Iupiter, Iuppiter (see Jupiter) ¸iva (see Shiva) Ivanenko, D., 162 [PS] ivory, 183 [FS] Iwo Jima, 418 [FS] Ixcozauhqui, 240 [GS] Izapa, 90 [GS] Izokh, E. P., 342 [FS] J Jablonski, David, 176, 178 [PS] Jackson, Donald, 289 [GS] Jacob (patriarch—also called Israel),
223-224 [GS], 119-120 [FS] Jacobs, J. A., 349 [FS] Jacobson, Homer, 344 [PS] Jacoby, George, 76 [PS] Jago,
485 [FS] Jago, Lucy, 287, 291 [PS] Jaguar Night Sun, 137 [FS] jaguars, 137, 202, 203 [FS], 291 [GS] Jah (see Yahweh) Jamaica, 203 [PS] James, Peter J., 5, 115 [GS],
193 [PS], 60, 61, 92, 387 [FS] Jamieson, Thomas, 3, 409 [FS] Jammu, 245 [FS] Jangambari Math monastery, 243 [FS] Jansa, Lubomir, 202 [PS] Janus (Ianus), 165, 166, 167, 168,
169, 170, 170, 172-173, 178, 239, 252, 263, 264,
279, 306-307, 357, 358, 449 [GS], 217-218,
308, 312, 370 [FS] Japan, Japanese, 143, 222, 227, 240, 294,
316, 358 [FS], 38, 275 [GS] Jaroff, Leon, 361 [FS] jasper, 182 [FS] Jastrow, Jr., Morris, 62, 123, 125, 129, 130, 139, 147-148, 163,
208 [GS], 220 [FS] Jastrow, Robert, 186, 222 [PS],
470 [GS] Java, 201 [GS], 244, 402 [FS] Jaworowski, Zbigniew, 317, 319, 340 [PS] Jayawardhana, Ray, 225, 491 [FS], 270, 357 [PS] Jedidiah (see also Solomon), 209 [GS] jeewanu,
15 [PS] Jefferson, Thomas, 83 [GS] Jeffreys, Harold, 379 [GS] Jehovah (see Yahweh) jellyfish, 41 [PS] Jenkins, Gregory, 295 [GS], 36 [FS] Jensen, Peter, 128 [GS] Jerome, 206 [GS] Jerome, St., 240 [FS] Jerusalem (Urusalim, Yerushalem,
Yerushalaim—see also Salem), 208-211, 211,
222 [GS], 116-117, 134-135 [FS] Jesus (see also Christ), 244, 301,
396 [FS], 22, 241, 338, 434 [GS] Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 27, 324 [PS],
43 [FS] Jethro, 119 [FS] jets, cosmic, 146-147, 227, 238, 248-252, 255-257, 260, 280-282,
285, 288, 492, 493, 493, 495, 496, 499, 510-511 [FS], 424, 426, 427, 427-428, 461-465, 472, 474-487, 489-491 [GS], 6, 7, 81, 84, 85, 231, 235, 245,
258 [PS] jewelry (primitive), 171, 174, 183 [FS] Jews (see also, Israelites, Hebrews): 104-105, 115, 117, 123,
127-128, 132, 136, 137, 144, 207-208, 235, 292, 300-302 [FS], 151, 204,
206, 224, 225, 429, 448 [GS] Jezreel Valley, 148 [GS] Jhelum River, 201 [FS] Jicarilla Apache, 432 [GS] Job (book
of), 118, 299 [FS], 223, 226 [GS] Job, 207 [FS], 226 [GS] Johannesburg, 128 [PS] Johns Hopkins University, 466 [GS] Johnson, Art, 365 [GS] Johnson, Ian C., 365, 366, 375, 377, 379, 384 [GS],
387 [FS], 252, 255 [PS] Johnston Island, 296 [PS] Jones, Alexander, 113 [GS] Jones, William, 439 [GS] Jordan, Pascual, 162 [PS] Josephus (see Flavius Josephus) Joshi, Manoj, 341 [PS], 348 [GS] Josiah, 116-117, 127 [FS] Journal of Classical Physics, 166 [PS] Jove, Jovis (see Jupiter) Judah, 209, 225 [GS] Judah, kingdom of (see also Israel), 116-118,
123, 134-135 [FS] Judaism, 136, 298, 301 [FS] Jueneman, Frederic B., 246, 345-346, 348, 407, 422, 458-459, 460, 461, 463, 466 [GS], 34-35, 65, 140, 153, 331, 341, 353,
508 [FS], 59, 114, 128, 172, 306, 358 [PS] Juergens, Ralph E., 154, 298, 302, 303, 323-324, 461 [GS],
159-160, 261, 285, 287-288, 313, 373, 373 [FS], 75, 240-241 [PS] Julian the Apostate, 43, 100 [GS] Jumbo (the elephant), 125 [PS] Jung, Carl, 132 [FS], 137, 148,
206 [GS] Junín, Lake, 314-315 [PS] Jupiter (Iupiter, Iuppiter, Diespiter, Jove, Jovis, Iovis), 124-125,
228 [FS], 56, 57, 65, 78, 170, 410,
451 [GS] Jupiter (planet), 1-3, 12-14, 27, 28,
54, 138, 152-155, 235, 272, 274-275, 281-282, 284, 326, 328, 346 [PS], 34,
53, 112, 124-125, 148-149, 155, 159, 161, 225, 228, 234, 257, 285, 287, 313,
319, 322, 324-328, 332, 492-493, 499-500 [FS], 47, 52, 55, 56, 61, 62, 63,
72, 75, 78, 108, 109, 110, 118, 130, 154-155, 156, 157 ff., 173, 180, 181, 182, 186, 191, 294, 299, 300, 302, 322,
323, 324, 326, 329, 336, 337, 345, 383, 400, 407, 408, 409-412, 415-419, 423,
458, 464, 467, 469, 470, 471, 478, 486 [GS] Jupiter Effect, The, 373 [FS] Jura mountains, 2 [FS], 37 [PS] Jura-Museum, 117 [PS] Jurakan (see Hurakan) Jurassic Park,
102 [PS], 158 [FS] Jurassic period, 16, 193, 194, 210, 212, 225 [PS], 297, 362, 375, 400 [GS], 9, 87 [FS] Jurieu, Pierre, 47 [GS] Justice (personified), 207-208, 210 [GS] Juvenal, 165 [GS] K K’uei, 441 [GS] Ka’aba, 136 [FS], 81, 82 [GS] Kaaret, Philip, 281 [FS] Kabbalah, 301-302 [FS] kachina masks & dolls, 275, 276 [FS] Kahn, Jennifer, 466-467 [FS] Kahoutek, Comet, 196 [PS] Kai Ka’us, 149 [GS] Kai Khusrau, 149 [GS] Kai Kubad, 149 [GS] Kaiho, Kunio, 210 [PS] Kaimânu, 208 [GS], 138 [FS] Kaiser, Tim, 441 [GS] Kaiwân (see also Kewan), 208 [GS] Kala-cakra, (Kala-chakra) 309 [GS] Kalahari Desert, 306 [PS] Kalai, 212-213 [GS] Kalakh (see Nimrud) Kalakunchah, 233 [GS] Kalakuyuwish, 449 [GS] Kalaupapa Cliffs, 441, 442 [GS] Kalhu (see Nimrud) Kali Yuga, 395 [FS] Kali, 31, 32,
33, 35, 56, 233 [GS] Kalihi rock wallabies, 349 [PS] kalpas,
395 [FS] kanaga mask, 278 [FS] Kandarya Mahadeva temple, 242 [FS] Kane, 312 [FS] kangaroo, giant, 445 [FS] kangaroos, Hawaiian, 349 [PS] Kansas, 98 [PS] Kant, Immanuel, 277-279 [PS],
323 [GS] Ka-ra (see Babylon) Kara formation, 202 [PS] Kara-indash, 106 [FS] Karewa (geological series), 416 [FS] Karewas, 417 [FS] Karin asteroids, 4-5 [PS] Karttikeya, 234, 235 [FS], 60, 61 [GS] Kashmir, 67, 244-245, 417 [FS] Kashmiris, 151 [GS] Kasmir valley, 416-417 [FS] Kassites, 141 [GS] Kasting, James, 190 [GS] Katz, Elihu, 268 [GS] Kaufman, Alan Jay, 13 [FS] Kaukabta, 33 [GS] Kauleonaanahoa, 441, 442 [GS] Kayan, 420, 421 [FS] KBOs (see Kuiper Belt Objects) [FS] Keath, Ed, 339 [FS] Kebara Cave, 174 [FS] Keck I telescope, 323 [PS] Keel, William, 251 [FS] Kees, Hermann, 439 [GS] Keller, Gerta, 224-225, 257 [PS] Keller, P. C. (photograph by), 278 [FS] Keller, Werner, 135 [FS] Kelley, David, 59 [GS] Kelly, Allan, 195 [PS], 467 [FS] Kelvin, Lord (William Thomson),
375 [FS], 378 [GS] Kennett, James, 486 [FS] Kenta pygmies, 280 [GS] Kentucky, 284 [FS] Kenya, 39 [PS] Kenyon, Kathleen, 116 [FS] Kenyon, Scott, 504 [FS] Kepler, Johannes, 101, 108, 109, 110, 182 [GS], 316 [FS] Kerenyi, Karl, 8 [GS] Kerguelen Island, 18 [FS] kerogen(s), 51-52, 56 [PS] Kerr, Richard, 372 [GS] Kerrigan, Michael, 403-404 [FS] Kewan (Kevan; see also Kaiwân, Khevan),
206, 207, 208, 232 [GS], 142, 345 [FS] Khajraho temple complex, 242 [FS] Khepera, 274 [GS] Khoisan (see Bushmen, Hottentots) khu, khut, 227 [FS], 451, 451,
457 [GS] Khurdadh, 151, 204 [GS] Kiang, Nancy, 32 [PS] Ki-din-nu (see Cidenas) Kiev Observatory, 338 [FS] Kiev, 179 [FS] Kikak-Tegoseak, 252 [PS] Kilah, 236 [FS] Kilauea volcano, 220, 221 [PS] Kilimanjaro, Mount, 311, 313,
315 [PS] Kimberley Plateau, 403 [FS] King James (version of Old Testament), 205,
206 [GS] King of Light, 301 [FS] King-Hele, Desmond, 254 [GS] kings, 301 [FS] Kings, II,
116 [FS] Kingsmill (or Gilbert) Islands,
356 [GS] kink instabilities (see plasma instabilities) Kiowa, 461 [FS] Kipp, Marlan, 280 [PS] Kirkpatrick, Davy, 502 [FS] Kirschvink, Joseph L., 12 [FS] Kirshner, Robert, 72 [PS] Kit Carson, Colorado, 457 [FS] Klamath Indians, 422, 425 [FS] Kluckhohn, Clyde, 4 [GS] Knowlton, F. H., 369 [GS] Knudtzon, J., 212 [GS] Koakjuaq, 410 [FS] Koch-Westenholz, Ulla, 138 [GS] Koefels Crater, 442 [FS] Kogan, Shulamit, 375 [FS] Kojiki,
275 [GS] Kokab Sabet, 204 [GS] Kokomaht, 223 [FS] Kola Peninsula, 81 [FS] Kom Abu Yasin, 230-232 [GS] Kon Tiki Viracocha,
218-219 [FS], 278-279, 357 [GS] Konarak, 233 [GS] Kong Karls Land, 80 [FS] Köppen, Wladimir, 16 [FS] Koppernik, Nicolaus (see Copernicus) Koran,
94 [FS] Korea, 93, 332 [GS] Kosmos, 167, 168, 169 [GS] Kow Swamp, 401-402 [FS] Kozenko, A. V., 471 [GS] Krakatoa, 31, 32, 33, 418 [FS] Krasovskiy, V. I., 472 [FS] Krauss, Lawrence, 157 [PS], Lawrence,
250 [GS], 491 [FS] Kreichgauer, D., 392 [GS] Kring, David, 238 [PS] Krinsley, David, 10, 12 [FS] Krishnan, M. S., 417 [FS] Kristian, Jerome, 318 [FS] Krita Yuga, 395 [FS] KRONIA Communications, 265 [FS], 424,
461, 464, 487-488 [GS] Kronia, 145 [FS], 241 [GS] Kronios Okeanos (Saturnian Sea),
239 [GS] Kronos, (Kruno, Cronos, Cronus) 28, 47, 50, 51, 52, 55, 56, 81, 120, 127, 129,
134-135, 137, 145, 148, 168, 169-170, 213, 217, 225, 239, 240, 241, 244, 252,
262-263, 265, 275, 306-307, 309, 311, 433, 449 [GS], 113-114, 125, 142,
209, 218, 231, 279-280, 303, 305, 313, 342, 347 [FS] KRONOS, 177,
410 [GS] Krueger, Harold, 153-154 [PS] Kruglinski, Susan, 484 [FS] Kruno (see Kronos) Krupp, Edwin C., 104, 143, 238, 267,
375 [FS], 117, 173 [GS] Kubatzki, Claudia, 26 [FS] Kudritzki, Rolf-Peter, 76 [PS] Kugler, Franz
Xavier, 1, 117, 129 [GS] Kuhn, Steve, 199 [FS] Kuiper belt & Kuiper belt Objects, 34, 436-440, 467,
503-504 [FS], 12, 342, 344, 353-354 [PS] Kuiper, Gerald, 155 [GS], 436 [FS] Kukulkan (see also Quetzalcoatl),
156 [FS], 36, 312, 317, 436 [GS] Kulkarni, Shrinivas, 148 [FS],
477 [GS] Kultala, 289 [PS] Kulyk, Christine, 93 [PS] Kumar, Parvez, 115 [PS], 348 [GS] Kumara, 234 [FS], 60 [GS] Kuntillet ‘Ajrud, 135 [FS] Kunzig, Robert, 22-23, 179,
485-486 [FS], 75-76 [PS] Kurds, 151 [GS], 348 [FS] Kurma Purana, 233 [GS] Kurtén, Björn, 195 [FS] Kuwait, 383 [FS] Kwakiutl, 449, 450 [GS], 99 [FS] Kwen-lun, 237 [GS] Kwok, Sun, 470 [GS], 50-52 [PS] Kybele, 78, 79 [GS] Kyrgyzstan, 98 [PS] Kyte, Frank, 205 [PS], 35-36 [FS] L La Azotea Observatory (photograph by), 242 [PS] La Brea tar pits, La Brea Tar sands (see Rancho La Brea) La Brea Woman, 68 [PS] La Chapelle-aux-Saints, 177 [FS] La
Paz, Lincoln, 77 [GS] La Ronge, 286 [PS] La Silla, 226 [FS] La Soufrière, 424 [FS] La Violette, Paul, 339-340 [PS] Laban, 223 [GS] Labandiera, C., 221 [PS] Labrador, 368, 372 [GS], 82, 84,
432 [FS] Lachièze-Rey, Marc, 166 [PS] Lachish, 135 [FS] Lacombe, Charles, 88, 91 [GS] Lactantius, 434 [GS] Lada, Charles, 226 [FS] Ladd’s Quarry, 203 [FS] ladder (celestial), 274 [FS] LaFontaine, Bruce (illustrations by), 109,
112 [GS], 150, 151, 164 [PS], 37, 39, 110, 111 [FS] Lagash, 128 [GS], 302, 400 [FS] Lagoa do Sumidouro, 478 [FS] Lagoon Nebula, 462 [GS] Lagrange, Joseph, 179 [GS] Lahaina, 370 [GS] Lahey Clinic, 216 [FS] Laitman, Jeffrey, 174 [FS] Lake Agassiz, 393 [FS] Lake Asphaltites (see Dead Sea) Lake Bonneville, 392 [FS] Lake Champlain, 407, 426 [FS] Lake Lahontan, 306 [PS] Lake Missoula, 392, 414 [FS] Lake Ontario, 426 [FS] Lake Toya, 421 [FS] Lake Victoria (Australia), 404 [FS] Lakota (Sioux), 139, 370-371 [FS] Lalande 21185, 325, 327 [GS] Lamb, Hubert, 27-28 [FS] Lamentations of Isis and Nephthys, 168 [GS] Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, 201 [PS] Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, 5-6,
20 [FS] Landsat 1 satellite (photograph by), 213 [PS] landslides, 219, 225, 249 [PS], 442-443,
485-486, 512 [FS] Lane, Richard, 448 [FS] Langdon, Stephen Herbert, 123, 124-125, 127,
303 [FS], 125, 229 [GS] Langmuir sheath(s), 159 [FS], 298,
482 [GS] language, 91, 103, 167, 197, 209,
211 [FS] Lao-tse,
Lao-tze, Lao-tzu (see Lau-tzu) Laplace, Pierre Simon, marquis de,
50 [PS], 179-180 [GS] Lapland, Lapps, 6 [FS], 287 [PS] larch trees, 376 [GS] Large Magellanic Cloud, 71, 354-355 [PS] Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology, 24 [GS] Larson, Roger, 59 [PS] Las Vegas, 475 [FS] Lascaux Cave, 176, 183-185, 341 [FS] Laschamp event, Laschamp flip, 352 [FS] Laskar, Jacques, 352 [PS] Latins, 167, 168, 241 [GS],
235 [FS] Laugerie Basse, 186 [FS] Laughlin World Conference, 464,
488 [GS] Laughlin, Gregory, 2 [PS],
470 [GS] Laurasia, 10 [FS] Lau-tzu
(Lao-tse, Lao-tze), 218, 223 [FS], 263-264 [GS] lava (see also volcanism), 58, 190 ff., 201, 220, 266 [PS] Lavoisier, Antoine Laurent, 83 [GS] Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, 363 [FS] Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,
431 [FS] Laws of Manu, 236, 270, 275, [GS],
294, 305 [FS] Lawson, Douglas, 111-113 [PS] Lawton, April, 279, 308-309 [PS] Lazell, Jr., James, 349 [PS] Leakey, Louis, 465 [FS] Leakey, Richard, 465 [FS] Least Interaction Action, Principle of, 181,
183 [GS], 320-321, 330 [FS] Least Mean Potential Energy, Principle of,
181 [GS] Lee, R. E., 319 [PS] Leeming, David, 439 [GS] Leg of Heaven (Leg of Fire), 439, 457 [GS] Leibnitz, 101 [GS] Leinen, M., 21 [FS] Lemaître, Georges, 293-296 [FS], 68,
69 [GS] Lemonick, Michael, 185, 429 [FS], 328, 333 [GS] Lemstron, Selim, 289 [PS] lemurs, flying, 365, 385, 400 [GS] Lena River, 81, 206 [FS] Lenaia, 444 [GS] Leo (constellation), 117 [GS],
260 [FS] Leonard, William, 179 [FS] leopards, 205, 479 [FS] Lepsius, 145 [GS] Lepus (constellation), 148 [FS] Lerner, Eric, 426, 462, 472, 474 [GS] Leroi-Gourhan, Arlette, 178 [FS] Les Eyzies, 180 [FS] Les Trois Frères, 191 [FS] Lethbridge, 457 [FS] Levant (see Near East) Leverrier, Urbain Jean Joseph, 14 [FS] Leveson, David, 69 [GS] Leviathan, 307, 309 [PS] Levin, B. Y., 61 [PS] Levine, Joel, 17-18, 26 [PS] Levison, Harold, 334 [GS] Lévi-Strauss, Claude, 2, 4 [GS] Levy, David, 416 [GS] Lewin, Roger, 128-129, 132 [PS],
465 [FS] Lewis and Clark expedition, 460 [FS] Lewis, John, 437, 489 [FS] Lewis, Roy, 429-430 [FS] Lewy, Hildegard, 134 [FS], 78, 81, 211 [GS] Lewy, Julius, 207-209, 212-213 [GS] Lhasa, 84 [FS] Li Ki,
212 [FS] Li, Shenghua, 84 [FS] Liaoning Province, 97, 103-104, 108-109, 185, 192 [PS] Libby, Willard F., 340 [FS] Liber, 240 [FS] lichens, 18, 265 [PS] Lichtenberg figures, 240 [PS] Lick Observatory (photograph by), 155 [PS] Lieberman, Bruce, 227, 233 [PS] Lief, Louise, 202 [FS] life from space, 20, 22, 343-345 [PS] life, origin of (see evolution) light, speed of, 167 [PS] lightland, 215 [GS] lightning & electrical discharges (see also thunderbolts), 15,
26, 43, 47, 201, 226, 240, 245-246, 344-346 [PS], 42, 148, 367, 434,
484 [FS], 197, 198, 293, 463, 484 [GS] lignin, 44 [PS] lignite (see coal) lilies, water, 368 [GS] Liller, William, 333, 335 [FS] Limbo, 432 [GS] limestone formations, 24, 163 [FS] limestone, 56, 60, 97, 196-197, 208 [PS] Lin, Douglas, 180, 250-251, 326 [GS],
251 [FS] Lindey, Everett, 222 [PS] Linear B, 115 [GS], 92 [FS] Linear, Comet, 5 [PS] Linga Purana, 230-231, 233-235,
289 [FS], 61, 131, 233, 236, 284, 446 [GS] linga, lingam, 237-239, 241-243, 243, 244, 244-245, 248, 280, 289 [FS] Lingayat, 242 [FS] Liniger, H., 472 [FS] Link, T., 61 [PS] lions, 265 [PS], 6, 84, 169, 205,
479 [FS] Lipps, Jerre, 465 [FS] Lipsitz, Rebecca, 98 [PS] Lister, Adrian, 463 [FS] lithium, 296 [FS] lithospheric bulge (lunar),
256-257 [GS] lithospheric bulge (Martian), 258,
259 [GS] lithospheric bulge (terrestrial),
253-256, 257-258, 459, 466 [GS] Little Bear (see Ursa Minor) Little Ice Age, 28, 46 [FS] Little Yellows (see Eurema lisa) Liu, Michael, 471 [GS] Li-yun,
213 [FS] lizards, 365 [GS] llamas, 202, 214 [FS],
351 [PS], 493 [GS] llautu,
214 [FS] Lloyd, Andy, 337-338 [FS] loadstones, 291 [PS] Loango Coast, 165 [GS] Loch Lomond, 355 [FS] Loch Ness, 57 [PS] Loeb Classical Library, 54 [GS] loess, 393, 394 [FS] Lompoc, 427 [FS], 57 [PS] London, 378 [GS], 473 [FS] Long, Daniel, 161 [PS] Longisiquama, 98 [PS] Loomis, Elias, 286 [PS] Lord of the Center of Heaven, 143 [FS] Lorentz, Hendrik, 165 [PS] Lorius, Claude, 322 [PS] Lorton, David, 268 [GS] Los Alamos National Laboratory, 160, 276 [FS], 472,
488 [GS] Los Angeles, 56, 65 ff. [PS], 67, 436,
471 [FS] lotus (mythological), 294, 304-306 [FS] Louisiana, 65 [PS] Louisville, 284 [FS] Lounsbury, Floyd, 92 [GS] Lourdes, 190 [FS] Louw, Graham, 132 [PS] Lovelock, James, 295 [GS] Lovett, Richard, 311 [PS] Lowenstein, Tom, 436 [GS], 98 [FS] Lowery, Malcolm, 395 [FS] LP 944-20, 333-334 [FS], 477 [GS] Lu-Bat Dir, 130 [GS] Lu-Bat Sag-Us (see (Mul) Lu-Bat
Sag-Us) Lucan (Marcus Annaeus Lucanus), 345 [FS] Lucas, Phil, 334, 335, 336 [GS] Luce, 83 [GS] Lucian of Samosata, 56 [GS] Lucifer, 206 [GS] Luck, Jean-Marc, 199 [PS] Lucretius, 213 [FS], 63 [GS] Ludwig, K. R. , 24 [FS] Lunik 2 spacecraft, 290 [PS] Luquet, G. H., 420 [FS] Lutz, Frank, 20 [PS] Lycia, 241 [GS] Lycopod trees, 11, 132-133 [PS] lycopods, 295, 296, 297 [GS] Lydians, 106 [GS] Lydus, Joannes, 169-170, 172,
307 [GS], 218 [FS] Lyell, Charles, 3, 413, 464-465, 469, 505 [FS], 363, 364 [GS], 47, 178, 187 [PS] Lyttleton, R. A.,
140-141 [PS], 470 [GS] M M dwarfs (see Brown dwarf stars & red dwarf stars) M22, 467 [GS] M2-9 (see Butterfly Nebula) M81, 156 [PS] M82, 316 [FS] M87, 146, 257, 281 [FS], 465, 483,
485 [GS] Ma, Ting Ying, 391-394, 395 [GS] MacDonald, G. J. F., 375 [FS] MacFarlane, J. M., 56-57 [PS] Machito, 357 [GS] Mackenzie River, 169 [FS] Mackenzie, Donald A., 92, 99, 104, 113, 125, 212, 472 [FS], 25,
129, 434 [GS] MacLeod, Ken, 205 [PS] MacPhee, Ross, 451-453 [FS] MacRobert, Alan, 155, 260 [FS], 54 [PS] Macrobius, Ambrosius The-odosius, 100, 137, 172, 306 [GS] Madagascar, 147 [PS], 369 [GS],
8 [FS] Maddox, John, 468 [FS] Madhyastha, 232 [FS] Madras, 442 [GS] Magdalenian culture, 194-195, 200, 268,
269-270, 274, 279, 340-341 [FS] Magellanic Cloud, Large, 250 [GS], 318,
429 [FS] Magi, 301 [FS] magic, sympathetic, 175-176, 183, 185, 189,
252 [FS] Magna Mater, 78 [GS] magnesium, 192 [PS] magnesium-26, 343 [FS] magnetic field (Martian), 400-401 [GS] magnetic field (Mercurian), 400 [GS] magnetic field (solar), 61, 436 [FS] magnetic field (terrestrial—see also
geomagnetic field), 187, 189, 398-399 [GS] magnetic field (Venerian), 400 [GS] magnetic fields (other than terrestrial), see electromagnetic fields magnetic orientation (geologic), 12 [FS] magnetic pole (Jovian), 400 [GS] magnetic pole (Neptunian), 400 [GS] magnetic pole, north, 52 [FS] magnetic pole (Saturnian), 400, 418 [GS] magnetic pole (terrestrial), 398-400, 418 [GS] magnetic pole (Uranian), 400 [GS] magnetism (in space), 179, 418 [GS] magnetopause, solar (see heliopause) magnetospheres (see also plasmaspheres), 298 ff., 302, 464,
486 [GS], 160, 257-258, 335-337, 366-367, 369 [FS], 74, 77, 299, 301,
326, 327-328, 336 [PS] magnetotail (see magnetosphere) [GS] magnets & magnetism (see also under electromagnetic fields),
164-165, 289, 291 [PS] magnolias, 368 [GS] Magnou, 180 [FS] magus (see Parthian magus) [GS] Magyary phenomenon, 150 [PS] Mahakala, 236, 310 [GS] Mahaketuh, 283 [FS] mahayugas,
395 [FS] Maiana, 218 [FS] Maiasaurs, 98, 184, 192 [PS] Maidu, 371, 390 [FS] Maire-Monan, 481 [FS] Maitri Upanishad, 311, 440 [GS] maize, 407 [FS] Majewski, Steven, 355-356 [PS] Makela, Robert, 98, 184 [PS] Makovicky, Peter, 89 [PS] Malagasy, 61 [PS] Malak Bel, 303-304 [FS] Malay Charmbook, 305 [GS] Malaya, 280 [GS], 307 [FS] Malaysia, 402 [FS] Malchus (see Porphyry) [GS] Malhotra, Renu, 332 [GS], 436 [FS] Mali, 173-174, 178, 201 [GS],
275 [FS] Malmström, Vincent, 38, 89-90 [GS] Malta, 442 [GS] Maltese, 235 [FS] mammals, 158, 164, 453, 461-463, 478-479, 508 [FS], 91-92,
101-103, 117, 133, 176, 179, 188-189, 211, 255 [PS], 65, 125, 129,
264-265, 351 [PS] mammoths, 76, 77, 77, 79, 81, 84, 168, 169, 170, 183-184, 188-189, 205, 444-446,
448, 449, 450, 451, 451, 452, 452-456, 460-463, 467,
476, 479-480 [FS] mammoths, dwarf, 453 [FS] Mandaeans, 300 [FS] Mandelkehr, Moe, 276-277 [PS], 60, 358,
360, 362, 364, 410 [FS] Manetho, 78 [GS] Mani, 301 [FS] Manichaeans, 142, 301 [FS] Manicouagan crater, 211-212, 213,
220 [PS] Mankato glaciation, 18 [FS] Manley, H., 369 [FS] Manson structure, 202 [PS] Mantura, A. J., 73 [FS] Manu (see also Laws of Manu), 439, 440 [GS], 227, 396 [FS] Manu, Laws of (see
Laws of Manu) Manuel, Frank E., 136, 215, 419 [FS] Maori—(see also Ngaitahu), 309, 311, 446, 447, 469 [FS] Marchal, Charles-Henri, 244, 248 [FS] Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (Elagabalus), 78, 79, 82, 139, 314 [GS] Marcy, Geoffrey, 327, 328, 333 [GS],
8 [PS] Marduk, 125, 133-134 [FS], 62, 63, 147 [GS] Mare Imbrium, 241, 242 [PS] Margalit, Baruch, 268 [GS] Margulis, Lynn, 19-20 [PS] Marianne islands, 241 [FS] Mariette-Bey, 142-143 [GS] Mariner 10, 400 [GS] Mariner 2, 302 [GS], 290 [PS] Marketplace Constellation (see Pleiades) Marley, Mark, 149, 333 [FS],
272 [PS], 467 [GS] Marmar (see Mars) Marmara, Sea of, 394 [FS] Marquesas Islands, 264, 271 [GS] Mars (deity—Marspiter, Mavors, Marmar),
56 [GS], 234-235 [FS] Mars (planet), 1, 224, 323 [PS], 52, 55,
56, 59, 60, 61, 62, 118, 129, 130, 180, 181, 182, 186, 190, 197, 198, 210, 258,
259, 379, 400-403, 407, 410, 443, 459, 470 [GS], 54-55, 112, 153-154, 228,
234-235, 283, 319, 324-327 [FS] Marsden, Brian, 138 [PS] Marsh, Benjamin, 289 [PS] Marshack, Alexander, 186, 193-195 [FS] Marshall Space Flight Center, 298 [PS], 298 [GS] Marshall, S. J., 82 [FS] Marspiter (see Mars) [GS] Martill, David, 113 [PS] Martin, Eduardo, 225 [FS],
477 [GS] Martin, Paul, 461 [FS] Martinique, 424 [FS] Mary, mother of Jesus, 244 [FS] Maryland, 466 [GS] Maryland, University of, 32, 220 [PS] Masai Mara, 39 [PS] Masiakasaurus knopfleri,
350 [PS] Masks of God, The, 35 [GS] Maspero, Gaston, 266 [GS] mass, 259, 280, 495 [FS], 78, 81, 82, 134, 138, 140-143,
145-147, 149-150, 160-161, 163-164, 168-169, 270-271, 327 [PS] Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 14 [PS] Massachusetts, 216 [FS] Massachusetts, University of, 355 [PS] Massey, Gerald, 231, 243, 439 [GS] Massoretic Text, 206-207, 222 [GS] mastodons, 65, 129, 265 [PS], 77, 172,
188, 427, 428, 444, 450-451, 453, 456,
479 [FS] Matese, John, 217 [PS] Mather, Kirtley, 394 [GS] Matthai, 393 [GS] Matthew, Patrick, 175 [PS] Matthews, Robert, 41 [FS] Matthews, Samuel, 22 [FS] Matthiae, Paolo, 122 [FS] Maui, 370 [GS] Mauna Kea, 3, 25 [FS], 311 [PS] Mauna Loa, 3, 25 [FS], 311 [PS] Mavors (see Mars) [GS] Maxwell, James Clerk, 162 [PS], 351 [FS] May Day, 353 [GS] May, Hank, 329 [PS] Maya, 1, 64 [PS], 114,
137-138, 151, 154, 156, 209, 211, 222, 292,
306-307 [FS], 23-24, 59, 84 ff., 90 ff., 289, 312, 436 [GS] mayflies, 114 [PS], 347 [GS] Mayor, Michel, 325 [GS] Mayr, Ernst, 349 [PS] Mazama, Mount, 422-423, 424, 424 [FS] Mazeh, Tsevi, 333 [GS] Mbayá, 155 [FS], 284 [GS] Mbelek, Jean-Paul, 166 [PS] Mbomvei, 438 [FS] McAlistair, Hal, 260-261 [FS] McCanney, James, 60 [FS], 138 [PS] McCarthy, Donald, 375 [FS] McCaughrean, Mark, 8 [PS] McCrea, W. H., 1-2, 304 [PS],
470 [GS] McCready Price, George, 58, 66-68 [PS] McDonald, K. L., 349 [FS] McDowell, Charles, 276 [PS] McGowan, Christopher, 123 [PS] McKay, Chris, 294 [GS] McKenzie, R., 180 [GS] McKie, Robin, 132 [PS] McKittrick (California), 65 [PS] McLaren, Digby J., 413 [FS], 195, 214, 215 [PS] McLean, Dewey, 220, 223 [PS] McMurdo Station, 324 [PS] McNally, D., 155, 157 [GS] McNeill Alexander, R., 128 [PS] Meadowcroft Rockshel-ter, 267, 311 [PS] Meadows, Victoria, 31 [PS] Mecca, 136 [FS], 81 [GS] Mech, David, 367 [GS] Medes, 106 [GS] Mediterranean, 182, 394, 399 [FS],
371, 453 [GS] Megaraptor namunhuai-quii, 118,
170 [PS] megasaurs (see also under dinosaurs), 117 ff., 122 ff., 138-139,
150, 170, 172, 174 [PS] Megatherium,
134, 135 [PS], 202, 203, 476, 478 [FS] Mei long, 185 [PS] Melanesia, 175, 399, 402 [FS] Melanocetus,
287 [GS] melatonin, 216 [FS] Melkart, 123 [FS], 432 [GS] Melos, 54 [GS] Melosh, Jay, 280 [PS] Melott, Adrian, 232-233 [PS] Memphis, 194 [GS] Mena (see Menes) MENA, 160 [FS] Mendelkehr, Moe, 222 [FS] Méndez, Roberto, 75-76 [PS] Menelaus, 16 [GS] Menes (Mena), 20 [GS] Menon, Shanti, 114, 170 [PS],
348 [GS] Menu, 214 [GS] Menzel 3 (see Ant Nebula) Menzel, Donald, 29 [FS] Merali, Zeeya, 214, 219 [PS] Mercanton, P. L., 355 [FS] Mercer, J. H., 20 [FS] Mercer, Samuel, 134 [GS] Mercurius (see Mercury) Mercury (Mirqurius, Mercurius), 56, 58, 314 [GS] Mercury (planet), 1, 155, 224 [PS]52,
54, 55, 61, 62, 65, 99, 101, 118, 129, 130, 180, 181, 182, 186-187, 188, 210, 314, 326, 400, 470 [GS], 54-55, 112, 228 [FS] Merriam, J., 66 [PS] Mesa Verde National Park, 275 [FS] Mesha, 122, 135 [FS] Mesha Stele (Moabite Stone), 122,
135 [FS] Mesoamerica, Mesoamericans, 109, 151, 209 [FS], 37-38, 59, 83
ff., 90 ff., 153, 314-315, 436 [GS], 64 [PS] Mesolithic age, 199, 206, 341, 480 [FS] Mesopotamia, 35, 125, 141, 229,
280 [GS], 64, 92, 104, 112, 122, 124, 132-133, 138, 298, 302,
400 [FS] mesosphere, (see atmosphere) [FS] Mesozoic era, 16, 162, 186 [PS], 297, 362-363, 374, 375, 400 [GS], 9, 66, 87, 377 [FS] Messier 87, 146 [FS] metallurgy, 469 [FS] meteorology, 169, 271,
307 [PS] meteorites, meteoroids, meteors, and micrometeorites (also shooting
stars), including impacts, 34, 35-36, 38, 42, 52, 54, 77 ff., 82 ff., 108-109,
113, 164, 222, 248, 325, 326, 329, 362, 364, 414, 429-433, 437-438, 440-441,
443, 458, 466, 473, 500-501 [FS], 67, 77 ff., 82 ff., 113 [GS], 15,
49, 60, 61-62, 146, 195, 197, 199-201, 212, 223-226, 231, 234, 239, 245, 248,
263, 277, 279, 304, 305, 340, 343-344, 346 [PS] meteorites, lunar, 280 [PS] methane, 12, 331, 431, 484-486, 488, 496-497 [FS], 15, 17,
54-55, 60, 269, 273 [PS] Meton, 107 [GS] Metonic cycle, 107 [GS] Metraux, A., 284 [GS], 309 [FS] Metrodorus of Chios, 109 [FS],
113 [GS] Mewhinney, Sean 322 [PS], 49 [FS] Mexico, Mexicans, 40, 84, 89-90, 436 [GS], 151, 203, 240, 430,
450, 455, 471 [FS], 45, 113, 180, 203, 205, 223, 224, 226, 285 [PS] Mexico, Gulf of (see Gulf of Mexico) Mezin, 184 [FS] Miami, 285 [FS] mice, 125 [PS] Michael, Archangel, 105 [FS] Michel, Helen, 196 [PS] Michelangelo, 121 [FS] Michigan, 452 [FS], 57 [PS] Michigan, University of, 13 [PS] microbes, 32, 58 [PS], 484-486 [FS] Micronesia, 279 [GS], 399 [FS] Microraptor gui, 108 [PS] Mid Atlantic Ridge, 354, 485 [FS] mid ocean ridges, 353, 366 [FS] middens, 360-361, 362 [FS] Middle Ages, 45, 206 [GS] Middle East, 222 [FS] Middle Kingdom (Egyptian), 62 [GS] midges, 289 [GS] midgets, 482 [FS] Midian, Midianites, 119, 121-122 [FS] mid-ocean ridges, 35 [PS] Midwest, American, 295 [GS] Mienert, Jürgen, 485-486 [FS] Migraine, Project, 508 [FS] migraines (see headaches) Milankovitch, Milutin (& Milankovitch
theory) 16-27, 31, 33, 48, 57, 109, 507 [FS], 260, 341 [PS] Milbrath, Susan, 59 [GS] Milgrom, Mordechai, 157 [PS] Milky Way Galaxy (see also Galaxy), 23-24, 165, 314, 336, 462,
472 [GS], 46, 257, 367, 433 [FS], 8, 50, 52, 54, 74, 77, 80, 155-156,
162, 168, 216, 227, 231, 239, 245, 269, 272, 304, 343, 353-357 [PS] Milky Way theory, 216-217 [PS] Miller, Gifford, 30 [FS] Miller, Hugh, 57 [PS] Miller, Morton, 216 [FS] Miller, O. D., 143 [GS] Miller, Ron, 414 [FS] Miller, Stanley, 17, 343 [PS] millipedes, 133 [PS], 289 [GS] Milsom, John, 354-355, 360 [FS] Milton, Earl R., 58, 508 [FS], 142,
159 [PS], 407 [GS] Milton, Jacqueline, 220 [GS] Milton, Richard, 44 [PS] Milwaukee, 177 [FS] Min, 443 [GS] mineralization (fossiliz-ation), 184-186 [PS] Minkowski, R., 484 [GS] Minnesota, 306 [PS] Minoan civilization, 414 [FS] Minoans, 28 [GS] Minton, Michael, 499 [FS] Miocene epoch, 16 [PS], 361-363 [GS], 9, 38,
505 [FS] miracles, 244 [FS] Mirqurius (see Mercury) mirror image, 273, 275, 275, 276, 277, 278 [FS] Mishkan, 206 [GS] missionaries, 174 [GS] Mississippi River, 426, 479, 485 [FS] Mississippian epoch, 16 [PS], 362 [GS], 9 [FS] Missoula, Lake (see Lake Missoula) Missouri, 295 [GS], 52, 455 [FS] Missouri-Columbia, University of, 205 [PS] Mithra, 241, 242, 265 [GS] mitochondria, 12, 125 [PS] Mixtec, 277, 317 [GS] moa, 446, 447 [FS] Moabite Stone (see Mesha Stele) Modified Newtonian Dynamics (see MOND) Mohanty, Subhanjoy, 491 [FS],
81 [PS] Mohenjo-Daro, 241 [FS] Mojave Desert, 22, 361 [FS] Molchanov, A. M., 181 [GS],
320 [FS] mollies, 289 [GS] mollusks (see also shells), 17, 85,
425-426 [FS] Molnya 1, 186 [GS] Moloch, 205, 206-207 [GS] Molokai, 441, 442 [GS] Monan, 481 [FS] Monastersky, Richard, 267 [PS] MOND, 157-158 [PS] Mongolia, 109, 249 [PS], 70,
418 [FS] monotremes, 92 [PS] monsoons, 26 [FS] Montagnais structure, 202 [PS] Montana, 75, 392 [FS], 98, 110, 117, 184, 197, 219, 222,
255 [PS] Monte Bolca, 57 [PS] Montespan, 183 [FS] Montgomery, J. A., 148 [GS] Montpellier Observatory, 31 [FS] Montreal, 30, 426 [FS] Montreal, University of, 232 [PS] Moon (deity), 124 [FS] Moon (satellite), 43, 47, 102, 109,
112, 140, 150-152, 156, 168, 193-195, 223, 258, 290, 292-293, 306, 308, 320,
375, 510-511 [FS], 13, 142, 147, 150, 224, 231, 233, 241, 243, 269, 273,
279-280, 309 [PS], 23-24, 51, 67, 84, 96, 99, 105-108, 116-118, 122-123,
128, 132, 148, 162, 165, 173, 177, 178, 180, 187, 190, 192, 201, 202, 203, 220,
221, 253, 256-258, 275-276, 278, 280, 282, 286, 303, 304, 305, 311, 321-323,
341, 344, 357, 417, 453-454, 491, 492 [GS] Moon, Mountain of the (see Sinai, Mount) moons (see satellites) Moore, Patrick, 220 [GS] moose, 444 [FS] moraines, 2, 3, 62, 74-75 [FS], 265,
314-315 [PS] Moravia, 194-195 [FS] Morgenstern, Julius, 225 [GS], Julius,
299 [FS] Mori, Koji, 250 [FS] Morledge, Paul, 432 [FS] Morning Star, 33, 36, 37, 38, 39, 54-55, 59, 61, 62, 90,
315 [GS] Mornington Peninsula, 403 [FS] Moro, Antonio, 419 [FS] Morocco, 120, 170 [PS], 17 [GS] Morris, Donald, 363 [FS] Morrison, Dave, 43 [FS] Morrison, Philip, 155 [PS] Moscow, 3, 183 [FS] Moses, 119-120, 121, 122, 124-126, 132-133, 135, 208 [FS], 205, 206, 207,
448 [GS] Moslems, Muslims (see also Islam),
81 [GS], 94, 136 [FS] moss(es), 293 [GS], 19, 20, 26,
265 [PS] Moss, Ken, 137, 209 [FS], 285-286, 288 [PS], 465, 482, 487 [GS] Mot, 266, 433, 446 [GS],
304-305 [FS], 63 [PS] moth, peppered, 181 [FS] moths, 265 [PS] Motolina, Toribo, 90 [GS] Motz, Lloyd, 279, 309 [PS] Moulton, F. R., 154 [GS] mound builders, 241 [FS] Mount Palomar Observatory, 148 [FS] Mount St. Helens, 191 [PS], 384 [FS] mountains & mountain building (see also under own names &
under diastrophism), 36-37, 309 [PS] Mousterian culture, 200 [FS] Mozambique, 201 [GS] Mrule, 441 [GS] Mshtyw (see also Big Dipper), 231, 232 [GS] muck, Arctic, see Arctic muck Muck, Otto, 47 [FS] mud, 56, 58 [PS] Mudie, Peta, 82 [FS] mudslides, 71, 443 [FS] Muench, Agust, 226 [FS] Muhammad, 306 [GS] Muiscas, 284 [GS], 309 [FS] (Mul) Lu-Bat Sag-Us, 121, 122, 123, 125,
129, 213 [GS] Mullen, William, 106, 144-145, 146,
184 [GS], 395 [FS] Müller, Max, 167 [GS] Muller, Richard, 215-217 [PS],
363 [FS] Mumbai, 225 [PS] Mundaka Upanishad, 309 [GS] Munk, Walter, 396 [GS], 375 [FS] muons, 231 [PS] Murchison, R. I., 62 [FS] murders, 508 [FS] Muria, 275 [GS] Murray, Alexander, 168 [GS] Murray, Gilbert, 4, 5, 8 [GS] Murtonen, A., 124, 126 [FS], 223, 224,
225 [GS] music (primitive), 171-172, 174,
252 [FS] musical instruments (unspecified, primitive),
172 [FS] musicians, primitive, 174 [FS] musk oxen, 168, 444 [FS], 265 [PS] Muslims (see Moslems) mussels, 286 [GS], 404 [FS] Musser, George, 367 [FS] mutation, 181, 429, 473-477, 480-484, 512 [FS], 82, 227, 228,
231, 236, 349-351 [PS] Mutwa, Vusamazulu Credo, 307-308 [FS] MWC 349, 467-468 [GS] Mycenaean script, 92 [FS] Mycenaeans, 28 [GS] MyCn18 (see Hourglass Nebula) Mylodon, 202 [FS] Myra, 241 [GS], 95 [FS] mythology, 343, 349 [PS] N Na Arean, 218 [FS] Naareau the Elder, 197 [GS] Nabonassar, 112 [FS], 66, 117,
118 [GS] Nabu (see Nebo) Naeye, Robert,
224, 495 [FS], 80 [PS] Nag Hammadi, 300 [FS] Nagasaki, 236 [PS], 473 [FS] Nahua, 151, 307 [FS], 277 [GS] Nakovana cave, 441 [GS] Ñamandu, 151, 155 [FS] Ñamanduí (Ñamandu Father),
284 [GS] Namibia, 11, 13, 440-441 [FS] Namur, 479 [FS] naphtha (asphalt, bitumen, tar), 51, 56,
58-61, 63-69, 320 [PS], 507 [FS] Napier, Bill, 21, 38, 40, 46, 363-364 [FS], 25-26, 50, 190,
257, 263, 279 [PS], 66, 73, 75, 76, 185 [GS] Napoleon Bonaparte, 341 [PS] Narayan(a), 61, 429 [GS], 238 [FS] Narayana, Hymn of, 429 [GS] Narlikar, Jayant, 280-281 [FS],
483 [GS] NASA, 159, 190, 254, 298, 303, 327, 328, 401 [GS], 41-43, 148,
250, 276 [FS], 9, 12, 27, 32, 145, 205, 290, 298, 324 [PS] NASA, illustrations courtesy of, 368,
496, 497, 498, 499 [FS], 7, 28, 29, 30, 53, 83, 152, 153, 154, 156, 160, 213, 240, 243, 244, 245, 246, 278, 285, 292, 297, 300, 302, 303, 325, 326, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 336 [PS] NASA Science News, 152 [PS] Nashville, 469 [GS] Natchez, 479 [FS] National Aeronautics and Space Administration (see NASA) National Geographic Society, 98 [PS] National Geographic, 82, 448,
451 [FS], 98, 147, 190 [PS] National Museum of Natural History,
430 [FS] National Museum of Natural Sciences (Ottawa), 229 [PS] National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (photograph by), 284 [FS] National Science Foundation, 477 [GS] NATO Advanced Study Institute in Dynamical
Astronomy, 321 [FS] Natu, Ganesha, 234, 235 [FS] Natural Environment Research Council,
488 [FS] natural selection (see also evolution),
175-176 [PS] Nature, 161,
257 [PS], 326, 376 [GS], 40, 320-321, 464, 468 [FS] naupa runa,
339 [GS] Nauroz (Naw Ruz), 151, 153, 169, 204 [GS], 145 [FS] Nauru, 151 [FS] Navajo, 151 [FS], 87 [GS] Naw Ruz (see Nauroz) Nazi(s), 28 [GS] N-body problem, 182 [GS] Neander Valley, 170, 172 [FS] Neanderthal Man, Neanderthals,
43 [GS], 170-172, 172, 173, 174-184, 195-205, 209, 258, 341, 394, 450, 478, 479,
483 [FS], 264 [PS] Near East, Levant, 180, 182, 197-198, 222,
341, 431 [FS], 35, 78, 138, 453 [GS] Nebo (city), 135 [FS] Nebo (Nabu), 62, 65, 210 [GS] Nebraska, 471 [FS] Nebraska, University of, 320 [PS] Nebrod (see Nimrod) nebula, nebulae, 271 [GS] nebulae, cosmic (see also under own name), 50, 51, 76, 292, 298, 329 ff. [PS] nebular disks, nebular cloud (see also accretion disks, nebular
disks, placental cloud), 265, 271, 273, 283, 304, 306, 320, 341, 382, 385, 457,
470 [GS] nebular dust, see dust, cosmic Necessity, spindle of, 434 [FS] Negev, 135 [FS] Negrito, 483 [FS] Negroes, 201 [GS], 25 [PS],
482-484 [FS] Nellis, William, 431 [FS] Nemesis (death star), 216-217, 234 [PS] Nemesis (goddess), 216 [PS] Nemesis (solar companion), 324 [GS] Neo-Babylonians, 62 [GS] Neolithic age, 195, 199, 206, 239, 241,
274-275, 277, 339, 341, 479-480, 483 [FS] Neolithic art, 195, 206 [FS] Neoplatonism, Neoplatonists, 43,
101 [GS] Neoproterozoic, 10-12 [FS] Nephthys, 39,
168 [GS] Neptune (planet), 3, 54, 138-139, 144, 282 [PS], 65, 154-155,
319, 326, 431, 435-436, 504 [FS], 72, 181, 186, 187, 322, 326, 328, 329,
332, 400, 411, 470, 471 [GS] Nergal, 105 [FS], 62, 131, 210,
213 [GS] Nesi-Khonsu Papyrus, 193 [GS] Nestor, 16 [GS] Netrer-ta-Mehti (see Neter- ta) Netzahualpilli, 84 [GS] Neuchâtel, Lake, 355 [FS] Neugebauer, Otto, 96 [GS] neutrinos, 248-249, 250, 251,
416 [GS], 71, 158, 231 [PS] neutron stars, 260 [FS], 72, 228, 231, 233 [PS] neutrons, 236 [PS] Nevada, 22, 24, 361 [FS], 306 [PS] New Agers, 245 [FS] New Brunswick, University of, 212 [PS] New England, 3 [FS] New Guinea, 399, 402-403, 466 [FS] New Hebrides, 197 [GS] New Jersey, 203 [PS], 6, 471 [FS] New Mexico, 109, 118, 184, 197,
222 [PS], 339, 477, 488 [GS], 96, 215, 275, 276, 454, 456, 478,
488 [FS] New Millennium Observatory,
287 [GS] New Scientist, 20, 45, 259 [FS], 251, 366 [GS] New Siberian Islands, 492 [GS], 80-81,
84, 206 [FS] New Technology Telescope, 226 [FS] New Testament (see also Bible), 205,
448 [GS], 396 [FS] New Year festival(s), 151, 153, 169, 241, 312,
314 [GS], 144-145 [FS] New York Academy of Science, 16 [FS] New York City, 3, 442 [FS] New York State, 201 [PS] New York Times, The, 222 [PS] New Zealand, 197, 200 [PS], 3, 28, 309,
311, 407, 442, 446, 469 [FS] Newcomb, Simon, 99, 378 [GS] Newfoundland, 82, 84 [FS] Newgrosh, Bernard (a.k.a. Brendan O’Gheoghan), 177, 192 [GS],
Bernard, 22 [FS], Bernard, 70 [PS] Newton, Isaac, 112 [FS], 149, 150, 151, 154-158, 162-163 [PS], 65-66, 66, 97, 101, 107, 109, 111 [GS] Newton, Robert, 97, 99 [GS] Nga, 275 [GS] Ngaitahu (see also Maori), 309 [FS] NGC 1333 IRAS 4A, 335 [PS] NGC 4486, 146 [FS] NGC 7027, 50 [PS] NGC 7538, 467 [GS] NGC 7635 (see Bubble Nebula) Niagara Falls, 49 [FS] Nias, 264, 279, 280 [GS] Niaux, 200 [FS] Nicaea, Council of, 299 [FS] Nice, 409 [FS] Nicholas of Cusa, 100 [GS] Nicholas of Myra (see Nicholas, Saint) Nicholson, Irene, 23-24 [GS] Nicholson, Philip, 266, 382 [GS] nickel, 200 [PS], 286 [GS] nickel & nickel-iron, 442 [FS] Niebuhr, 239 [GS] Nielson, Knut, 123 [PS] Nieper, Hans, 127 [PS] Nietzsche, Friedrich, 8 [GS] Nigeria, 222 [FS], 280 [GS] night, 151, 153, 195, 209 [FS] Nihongi,
272 [GS] Nile, 146, 351, 352 [GS], 193,
219 [FS] Nilsson, Heribert, 37-38, 41 [PS] Nimrod, Nebrod, 127 [GS] Nimrud (Kalakh, Kalhu), 126, 129 [GS] Nin (see Ninurta) Nineveh, 122, 210 [GS] Ningirsu, 113, 302-303 [FS], 128 ff., 130 [GS] Ninib (see also Ninurta), 113, 302 [FS] Ninip (see also Ninurta), 113 [FS] Nin-Karrak, 128 [GS] Ninsianna Tablets, 189, 322 [GS] Ninurta (Nin, Ninib, Ninip), 62, 124, 125 ff., 126, 128 ff., 131, 212-213, 240, 449 [GS], 105, 113, 133-134, 138,
302 [FS], 346, 347 [PS] Nipkow, Friedrich, 163 [FS] Nirig (see also Ninib), 113 [FS] nitrogen, 17, 52, 232 [PS] nitrogen oxide, 227 [PS] Noah & his ark, 227, 394,
396 [FS], 26, 28, 29 [GS], 48, 275-276, 278 [PS] Noah’s flood (see Deluge) noctilucent clouds, 305 [PS] Nonnus, 135 [GS] Nordvik, 286 [PS] Norell, Mark, 103-105, 109, 185, 219 [PS] North Africa, 28 [GS] North America, 3, 11, 16, 17, 28, 31, 55-56, 81, 169, 182, 186,
189-190, 202, 220, 241, 308, 360, 379, 389, 392-393, 398, 400. 407, 409, 428,
442, 444, 446, 448, 451, 453, 455-456, 460-461, 463, 466, 484 [FS], 38,
368, 370, 384, 386, 394, 414 [GS], 47, 56, 58, 61, 145, 177, 189, 211-212,
218, 221, 238, 248, 253, 257, 264, 295, 314, 320, 321, 324 [PS] North American Indians, see Amerinds North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, 93 [PS] North Carolina, 149 [PS] North Carolina, State University of, 97, 110 [PS] north celestial pole, 6, 9, 19, 256 [PS] North Dakota, 47 [PS] north pole, 52-53, 80, 83, 85, 86, 86-88, 143, 209, 365, 505, 509, 511 [FS] north pole (geographic), 9, 237, 258, 273, 276, 289, 320, 322-323,
337 [PS] north pole (magnetic), 166, 190, 296, 307 [PS] North Pole (terrestrial & celestial), 220
ff., 236-237, 239, 244, 253, 254, 258, 263, 268, 297 ff., 317, 341, 344, 345,
349, 354, 361, 366-368, 383, 385-387, 395, 404, 422, 423, 436, 438, 439,
458-459, 464, 465, 466, 491 [GS] North Sea, 239 [GS], 60 [PS], 84,
442 [FS] North Slope (Alaska), 251 [PS] North Star (see also Pole Star),
434 [GS] north wind (see also Boreas), 433, 435,
437 [GS] northern lights (see also auroras),
201 [GS] Northern Territory (Australia), 402 [FS] Northwest Territories, 195, 238 [PS] Norway, 286, 287 [PS], 493 [GS],
85, 485-486 [FS] Notarpietro, Adalberto, 207 [PS] Nothronychus mckinleyi, 109 [PS] Notus, 433 [GS] Nova Aquilae, 315 [FS] Nova Scotia, 442 [FS], 47, 202,
211 [PS] Novacek, Michael, 184 [PS] novae, supernovae & hyper-novae, 69,
71-75, 78-85, 161, 228 ff., 234-235, 239, 247, 249, 301, 302, 302, 314, 333, 334, 338 [PS], 95 [GS], 45, 46, 288, 315
ff., 330 ff., 340, 342-343, 351, 371-372, 428-430, 432-433, 438, 471-472, 474,
487, 500-501 [FS] novae, recurring, 45, 317-318, 330,
335 [FS] Novas, Fernando, 97, 117-118, 170 [PS] Novaya Zemlya, 80, 84 [FS] NRAO/AUI/NSF (illustration courtesy of), 84 [PS] Nu (Nun), 192, 267, 268, 269, 270 [GS],
219, 227, 303-304 [FS] nuclear & thermonuclear energy & detonations (see also under
atom bombs), 19, 73, 236, 296 [PS] nuclear & thermonuclear reactions
(stellar), 148 [FS] nuclear fission (proposed planetary),
329 [FS] nuclear fission reactors, natural,
329 [FS] nuclear physics, 288 [FS] nuclear reactions (solar), 44-45,
225 [FS] nuclear reactions, fusion & atomic fission,
293, 296 [FS] nuclear winter, 187, 251 [PS] nucleons, 167 [PS] nucleosynthesis, 430 [FS] Num, 275 [GS] Nun (see Nu) Nunavut, 363 [GS] Nut, 438, 444 [GS] nuts, 198 [PS] Nuttal, Zelia, 243 [GS] O O’Dell, Robert C., 469 [GS], Robert,
256 [FS] O’Flaherty, Wendy D., 169 [GS] O’Gheoghan, Brendan (see Newgrosh, Bernard) O’Keefe, John, 198, 219-220, 279 [PS] O’Neill, John J., 243 [GS] Oahu, 349 [PS] oak, 365 [GS], 462, 473 [FS] oats, 354 [GS] Oaxaca, 85 [GS] Observer, The, 132 [PS] obsidian, 182 [FS] Ocampo, Adriana, 205 [PS] ocean cores (see also deep-sea sediments),
18, 19, 20, 33, 49, 55, 377, 400, 488 [FS] ocean, cosmic, 277 [PS] Oceania (see also Polynesia), 98, 139,
241 [FS], 201, 280 [GS] oceanic incursions, 172-173, 247, 258 [PS] oceans (see also under own name), 13, 33,
35-36, 39, 58-60, 140, 142-143, 145, 147, 188, 193-194, 198, 201-202, 219, 232,
233, 247, 267, 273, 276, 282, 306, 320-321, 325, 338 [PS], 255, 349, 366,
393 [GS], 30, 31, 33, 35, 36-37, 40, 48, 51, 363, 376, 394, 405, 408, 442,
464, 484 ff., 507, 512 [FS] ochre, 184 [FS] Odessa University, 364 [FS] Odin, 287 [PS] Odysseus, 14, 16 [GS] Odyssey,
14 [GS], 94, 96 [FS] Oedipus Rex,
10 [GS] Oerlemans, J., 21 [FS] Oetztal, 442 [FS] Officer, Charles, 205, 222, 223 [PS] Ogdoas, 143 [FS] Ohel, 206 [GS] Ohio University, 97 [PS] Ohio Valley, 295 [GS] Ohio, 3, 431, 490 [FS], 57 [PS] oil (see petroleum) oil fields, 383 [FS] Ojibwa, 190, 192 [FS] Okanagan Indians, 339, 340 [GS] Okeemaquid, 192 [FS] Okladnikov, A. P., 206 [FS] Old Kingdom (Egyptian), 61, 230 [GS] Old Lady Horse, 461 [FS] Old Red Sandstone, 57 [PS] Old Testament (see also Bible), 1, 22, 26,
28, 51, 70, 80, 210, 222-226, 229, 429 [GS], 54, 108, 117-120, 125, 129,
135, 293, 295, 298, 300, 315, 347, 370, 419 [FS], 63, 278 [PS] Oligocene epoch, 16, 22-23, 95, 134, 212 [PS], 362 [GS], 9, 161 [FS] olivine, 492 [FS] Olmec(s), 89-90 [GS] Olsen, Paul, 201, 212, 219 [PS] Olson, Peter, 466 [GS] Olympian gods, Olympians, 52 [GS],
92 [FS] Olympic Peninsula, 68, 455 [FS] Olympiodorus, 108, 109 [GS] Omakuru, 240 [GS] Omneity, the (Aztec), 151 [FS] Omni, 163 [PS] On the Origin of the World, 217 [FS] Ong, Walter, 14, 16 [GS] Ontario, 208, 389, 431 [FS] Oort cloud, 215-217 [PS],
336-337 [GS], 34 [FS] Oort, Jan, 249 [GS] Oparin, A. I., 17 [PS] Opher, Merav, 356 [PS] Ophiuchus (constellation), 316 [FS] Ophiuci, RS (see RS Ophi-uci) [FS] Öpik, Ernst. J., 6-7, 18, 43-44, 79, 81, 167,
487 [FS], 154 [GS] Opoa, 98 [FS] Oppenheim, V., 73 [FS] Oraibi, 357 [GS] Orange Sulphurs (see Colias eurytheme) [PS] orators, see bards [FS] Orchomenos, 80 [GS] Ordovician period, 16, 207-208, 227, 232-234, 237, 341 [PS], 362 [GS], 9, 73 [FS] Oregon State University, 98 [PS] Oregon, 287 [GS], 358, 379, 385, 422,
425, 486 [FS], 44 [PS] Organ Mountains, 478 [FS] Orheim, Olav, 322 [PS] Origin of Species, The, 176 [PS] Origine des tous les cultes, 23 [GS] Orinoco River, 60 [PS], 217 [GS],
442 [FS] Orion (constellation, nebula), 56, 335-336,
469 [GS], 226, 495 [FS], 27, 29 [PS] Orissa, 233 [GS], 395 [FS] Orkney Islands, 57 [PS] ornithischians, 254, 255 [PS] Oró, John, 61, 343 [PS] orogenesis (see diastrophism) Orpheus, 275 [GS] Orton, Glenn, 324 [PS] Osborne, Harold, 214, 397 [FS],
278 [GS] Osiris, 108, 133, 143, 144, 145, 212,
227-228, 236-237, 313 [FS], 9, 37, 38,
38-39, 39, 40, 142, 143, 143-145, 146, 147, 149-151, 153,
168, 195-196, 214, 231, 232, 269, 274, 312, 315, 439, 443, 446, 457 [GS] Osiris-Ra, 145 [GS] Oslo, 289 [PS] osmiridium, 197 [PS] osmium, 199 [PS] ossification, 189 [PS] osteoarthritis (see arthritis) Ostiaks, 218-219 [FS] ostriches, 98, 101, 128, 351 [PS] Ostrom, John, 91 [PS] Ouranos (Uranus), 47, 167, 168-169 [GS],
279-280, 306, 342 [FS] Ovenden, Michael W., 320-322, 324, 326, 328-330 [FS], Michael,
181, 183-184 [GS] Overbye, Dennis, 294 [GS] overkill (by name or description), 444-446,
451-452, 460-464, 471 [FS] Ovid, 169, 172, 239, 263, 271, 272, 357,
449 [GS], 217, 476-477, 481 [FS] Oviraptor,
184 [PS] Owen, Richard, 114, 283 [PS], Richard,
345, 346 [GS] Owen, Tobias, 12 [PS] owl, 292 [GS] Oxford, 84 [FS] Oxford, University of, 176 [PS],
3 [FS] oxygen, 2, 13, 17-20, 26, 52, 63, 114, 133, 189, 232, 266 [PS],
76, 484-485 [FS] oxygen isotopes, 22, 25 [FS] oxygen-16 isotope, 13 [PS] ozone & ozone layer, 15, 18-20, 26, 31,
198, 227, 229, 232-233 [PS], 429, 472, 473 [FS] P P’an-ku, 306 [FS], 317, 319 [GS] Pachycephalosaurus, 350 [PS] Pachyrhinosaurus, 185 [PS] Pacific islands, 418 [FS] Pacific Northwest, 364 [GS] Pacific ocean Pacific Ocean, 38, 280, 286, 432, 465 [GS], 30, 33, 35, 241,
418, 446 [FS], 69, 194, 197, 205, 236 [PS] pack ice, 85, 86 [FS] pack-rats, 360-361, 362 [FS] Pagans, 300 [FS] Pago Pago, 393 [GS] Pahalgam, 245 [FS] painting, artistic, primitive (see paleoart) Pakistan, 190-191 [PS] Palaeozoic era, 16, 46, 61, 132, 162,
193, 195 [PS], 297, 362, 370, 374 [GS] Palatine Library, 122 [GS] Palazzo Spada, 166 [GS] Palenque, 154 [FS] paleoart (Cro-Magnon), 184-185, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 189, 190, 191, 193-194, 195, 195, 199, 200, 200, 201, 206, 252, 265, 267-268, 268, 270, 273, 274, 480 [FS] paleoart (Neanderthal), 174 [FS] Paleocene epoch, 10, 12, 16, 196 [PS], 297, 362, 365, 422, 491 [GS], 9 [FS] Paleolithic & Epipaleolithic
(Stone) age 67, 167 ff., 268, 273-275, 339-341, 394, 417-418, 479, 505,
509 [FS], 130 [PS] paleomagnetism, 34 [FS], 399,
403 [GS] Paleontological Society of America, 195 [PS] Paleozoic (Palaeozoic) era, 7, 9 [FS] Palestine (see also Israel), 35, 209, 212, 432 [GS] Palisades, 201 [PS] Palladium, 81 [GS] Pallas (Athena’s playmate), 26 [GS] Pallas (monster), 26 [GS] Pallas Athena (see Athena) palm trees, 365, 368, 400,
404 [GS] Palmer, Trevor, 177-179, 188, 193, 207,
257 [PS], 35, 38, 40, 47, 61, 79, 197, 428-429, 431, 444, 472,
474 [FS] Palmyra, 303-304 [FS] Pamirs, 202, 418 [FS] pampas, 445, 478 [FS] Panama, 23, 260 [PS] Panapolis, 135 [GS] Panathenaic procession, 3 [GS] Pangaea, 10, 87 [FS] Pangaea, 144,
145, 192-194, 248 [PS], 371, 373,
397 [GS] pangolin, 101, 103 [PS] Pangu, 441 [GS] panspermia, 343 [PS] Panuco, 240 [FS] Papago Indians, 386, 388 [GS] Papoular, Renaud, 51 [PS] Papua, Papuans, 466 [FS] Papyrus of Ani,
21, 214 [GS], 227, 236 [FS] Papyrus of Mut-hetep, 141,
215 [GS] Papyrus of Tameniu, 444 [GS] papyrus, 18 [GS] paradise, 278 [PS], 45, 71,
361 [GS] Paraguay, 445 [FS] Paralititan stromeri, 119,
170 [PS] Paran, Mount, 117 [FS] Pardoe, Colin, 404 [FS] parhelia, 25 [GS] Paris (Trojan hero), 16 [GS] Parkinson, W. D., 145 [PS] Parmentier, M., 244 [FS] Parry, Milman, 14, 16, 17 [GS] Parsis (see Zoroastrians) Parthenon, 47 [GS] Parthian magus, 234 [GS] particle accelerators (see under accelerators) Parvati, 236 [FS] Pasteur, 101 [GS] Patagonia, 445 [FS], 96, 117-118 [PS] Paterson, T. T., 417 [FS] Patriarchs (Biblical), 119-120, 122 [FS] patricide, 45, 47 [GS] Patten, Donald W., 275 [PS],
322-323 [GS], 53-55, 63 [FS] Patten, Philip, A, 53 [FS] Pausanias, 80 [GS] Pavamana, 306 [FS] Pawnee, Skidi, 56, 59 [GS] Payne-Gaposchkin, Cecilia, 490 [FS] Peabody Museum of Natural History, 197 [PS] peacocks, 65, 351 [PS] peat, 17 [FS], 43, 44, 46 [PS] pebbles, 43, 68-69 [PS] peccaries, 444 [FS] Pecora, William, 404 [FS] Peebles, James, 424 [GS] Pegasi (51), 325, 326 [GS] Pegasus (constellation), 115, 116 [GS] Peiser, Benny, 469 [FS], 73,
106 [GS] Peking (now Beijing), 240 [FS] Pelasgians, 28 [GS] Pele, 201 [GS] Pelée, Mount, 424 [FS] Pelesgians, 294 [FS] Pelligra, Ralph, 150 [PS] Peloponnesus, 105 [GS] Pemex, 203 [PS] Penck, Albrecht, 16, 17, 49 [FS] Penfield, Glen, 203 [PS] penguins, 101 [PS] Pennsylvania State University, 36, 387,
489 [FS] Pennsylvania, 295 [GS], 45, 48, 267, 311 [PS] Pennsylvania, University of, 56 [PS] Pennsylvanian epoch, 16, 133 [PS], 362 [GS], 9 [FS] Pepi I, 231 [GS] Pepi I, pyramid of, 231 [GS] Pe-Pier, Georgia, 202 [PS] peppered moth (see moth, peppered) Peratt instabilities, 476, 488 [GS] Peratt, Anthony L., 147, 258, 264-265, 266, 266-269, 272-274, 277, 279, 281 [FS], 303, 321, 461, 464,
465, 472, 473, 474, 480-482, 484-486,
488-490 [GS], 74, 79, 81, 296, 331, 334 [PS] permafrost, 206 [FS] Permian period, 16, 188, 192-193, 207, 209-211, 232 [PS], 362, 374,
398 [GS], 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 11, 484 [FS] Perraudin, Jean Pierre, 2 [FS] Perseus molecular cloud, 335 [PS] Persia, Persians (see also Iran, Iranians),
114, 145, 240, 301, 347-348 [FS], 35, 117, 151, 204, 232 [GS] Persian Gulf, 400 [FS] Pert em Hru,
303 [FS] Per-t Nu, 267 [GS] Pert-em-hru,
274 [GS] Perth, 208 [PS] Perti, O. N., 15 [PS] Peru, Peruvians, 68, 213, 241, 445 [FS], 278 [GS], 65, 222, 314, 315,
316 [PS] Pessinus, 78 [GS] Peter (the Apostle—see Simon-Peter) Petrified Forest, 375 [GS] petroglyphs (see also paleoart), 206,
265-267 [FS], 492-493 [GS] petroleum (also oil), 283, 485 [FS], 49, 51-52, 56-65, 69,
226 [PS] Pettinato, Giovanni, 122 [FS] Phaenon, 55 [GS] Phaethon, 55, 71-72, 73 [GS], 98-99 [FS] Phalerus, Demetrius (see Demetrius Phalerus) phallic symbols & amulets, 244, 249 [FS] phallic worship (see also phallus, cosmic), 237 ff., 239 ff., 245
ff., 248-249, 289 [FS]441-447 [GS] phallus, cosmic (see also phallic worship
& linga, lingam), 236-237, 242, 279, 370 [FS] Phanerozoic, 360 [FS] phaos rgyentes, 446 [GS] Pheidias, 47 [GS] Pherecydes, 142 [FS], 306 [GS] Phigaleia, 443 [GS] Philadelphia (festival), 169 [GS] Philadelphians, 306 [GS] Philip of Opus, 135 [GS] Phillips, Fred, 361 [FS] Philo Byblius, 279-280, 304-306, 391 [FS], 28, 78, 135, 137,
142, 225, 262, 272, 432 [GS] Philo Judaeus, 62-63 [PS] Philolaos, 177, 217, 220, 240, 246 [GS] Phithiotis, 26 [GS] Phlius, 446 [GS] Phobos (satellite), 258, 259,
402 [GS] Phoebe (satellite), 175 [GS], 240, 354 [PS] Phoenicians, 123, 132, 138, 289, 293, 304 [FS], 78, 225, 272,
443, 446, 448 [GS] Phoinikika,
432 [GS] Phororhacos, 95 [PS] photoperiodicity, photoperiodism,
297, 359, 361, 384 [GS] Photostomias,
287 [GS] photosynthesis, 156-157 [FS], 291-293, 297, 348, 350, 359 [GS],
9, 18, 26, 31, 32, 198, 238 [PS] Phra (see Ra) phylogenetic memory, 18-19, 23-24 [PS] phytochrome 3, 156 [FS] pibloqtok, 25 [PS] Pickering, W. H., 158 [PS],
175 [GS] Pielou, E. C., 384 [GS] pigs, 444 [FS] Pilgrim, Ludwig, 16 [FS] pilgrims, 243, 245 [FS] Pima, 264 [GS] pinch effect, 489, 490 [GS] Pinches, T. G., 125 [FS] pine trees, 368 [GS] pine, 263, 265 [PS], 462, 473 [FS] Pingree, D., 96, 138 [GS] Pioneer 10, 155, 300 [GS] Pioneer 11, 155, 294 [GS] Pioneer Venus orbiter, 323 [PS] Pir Panjal Mountains, 417 [FS] Pirajno, Franco, 210 [PS] Pisa, 400 [FS] Pisces, 56 [GS] Pisias, N., 21 [FS] Pithecanthropus, 402 [FS] Pius XII, Pope, 295 [FS], Pope,
68 [GS] placental cloud (see also accretion disks,
circumpolar disks, nebular disks), 265, 304, 341, 438, 446, 449, 457, 478-479,
490 [GS], 217, 224, 225 [FS] Plagemann, Stephen, 373, 375 [FS] Plait, Philip, 139 [FS], 9 [PS] Planet A, 327 [FS] Planet B, 327 [FS] Planet K, 327 [FS] Planet T, 327 [FS] Planet V, 327 [FS] Planet X, 181, 323 [GS] Planet X, 217 [PS] Planet X, 327 [FS] planetars (see brown dwarf stars) planetary disks (see accretion disks,
circumstellar disks) planetary ejections (see also galactic ejections, astral ejections),
329, 471, 475-476, 486 [GS] Planetary Mass Objects, 270, 272 [PS] planetary nebulae (see circumstellar disks) Planetary Society of Pasadena, 205 [PS] planetesimals, 38, 495 [FS] planets (in general—see also planets,
extra-solar), 24, 51 ff., 65 ff., 77-78, 95-96, 99, 100-101, 108, 109, 112-113,
115, 117-119, 131, 133, 146, 148, 157, 164, 173, 179 ff., 198, 201, 202, 232,
243, 265, 287, 325, 326, 328, 332-337, 343-344, 350, 381-382, 401, 409, 413,
461, 464-465, 467, 469-472, 476-477, 481, 484-486, 488-490 [GS], 16, 38,
45, 61, 64, 104-107, 109, 112-113, 153, 155, 161, 225, 255-257, 259, 296,
320-322, 324-332, 337-338, 345, 366, 369, 373-374, 432, 435, 438, 470, 491-492,
495, 501 [FS], 1-6, 10, 13, 15, 61, 73-74, 127, 138, 144, 224, 227, 243,
268, 271, 281-282, 307, 323, 337, 342-343, 346, 352-353 [PS] planets, extra-solar, 1, 7-8, 10, 31-32, 268-271, 305, 327, 353-354,
356 [PS], 139-140, 148-149, 157, 224-225, 250-251, 318-319, 337, 493-495,
500-501 [FS], 160, 161, 325-329, 332-337, 350, 415, 469-471, 476,
485 [GS] plankton & phytoplankton, 26, 58, 59, 181, 196, 201,
267 [PS] Plano culture, 456-457, 460 [FS] plants, 10-12, 19, 24, 26, 32, 42-45, 48, 56,
58-59, 65, 68, 136, 150, 171, 179, 182, 186-188, 194-195, 198, 201, 218, 220,
221, 229, 230, 236, 238, 250, 252, 254, 256-257, 264, 281, 315,
319-320 [PS], 185, 186, 508 [FS] plasma & kink instabilities (see also
z-pinches), 264-269, 272, 274, 276-277, 279, 287, 511 [FS] plasma & plasma cosmology (see also plasmasphere), 298 ff., 424,
426, 461-462, 464, 472, 474, 475-476, 478, 480-485, 487-489 [GS] plasma, plasma discharges & plasma
pinches (see also z-pinches & plasma instabilities), 6, 10, 75-82, 85-86,
169, 244, 291, 292, 296, 298, 299, 299, 301, 315, 332-335, 358 [PS], 461, 463, 476, 481, 484,
485, 488, 491, 492 [GS], 38, 146-148, 158-160, 223, 227, 248-250, 255-258,
264-266, 268, 272-274, 276-277, 279-285, 287, 334-336, 338-339, 364, 366, 372,
474, 489, 491-492, 495, 501, 510 [FS] plasma, filamentary, 264, 269 [FS] plasma jets (see jets, cosmic) plasmaspheres and/or plasma sheaths (see also
magnetospheres), 297 ff., 321, 340-341, 348, 349, 350, 381, 404, 491 [GS],
42, 158-160, 257-258, 261-262, 264, 268, 287, 372, 382, 385, 437, 474,
511-512 [FS], 10, 75, 78-80, 326-327, 327-328, 328-329, 329-330, 330-331, 331-332, 332, 333-334, 335 [PS] plasmasphere (proto-Saturnian), 10, 46, 86, 168-169, 172, 235, 256,
267, 270, 273, 301, 304, 305, 315, 325-326, 333, 335, 337, 339,
357-358 [PS] plate tectonics (see continental drift theory) platinum, 197, 200 [PS] Plato, 43, 54-55, 56, 100, 101, 108, 114, 135, 136, 168, 457 [GS], 47, 95, 109, 227,
434 [FS] platypus, 92, 93 [PS] Pleiades, 87, 90 [GS] Pleiongaea, 114 [PS], 331 [FS], 346, 348, 380,
385 [GS] Pleistocene epoch, 16, 56, 64-65,
69-70, 86, 129-131, 134, 147, 169, 172-173, 177, 235, 237, 247, 260, 263-266,
273, 284, 286, 301, 309, 311-316, 324, 337-340, 357-358 [PS], 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 17, 21, 40, 44, 49,
52-53, 55, 57, 61-63, 66-70, 73-74, 76, 79-81, 84-85, 87, 161, 167, 169, 171,
178-179, 189, 202-203, 205, 208-209, 341, 364, 370, 377, 379, 381-382, 386-388,
392-394, 401, 406-407, 416-418, 420, 426-427, 433, 441, 443-446, 452-453, 460,
462, 466-467, 470-471, 474, 477-480, 483-484, 486-489, 505, 512-513 [FS],
362, 491 [GS] Pliny, 106, 109, 111, 112, 453 [GS] Pliocene epoch, 16 [PS], 362, 369, 375, 379-380 [GS], 9, 387, 446 [FS] Plumed Serpent (see Quetzalcoatl) Plutarch, 127-128, 237 [FS], 5, 8, 9, 37, 78, 100, 101, 102,
106, 107, 111, 113, 312, 453 [GS] Pluto (dwarf planet), 3, 12, 155, 216, 276, 342 [PS] Pluto (planet), 181, 186, 187, 220, 322, 332, 340 [GS] Pluto (sub-planet), 155, 262, 319, 337,
435-436, 504 [FS] plutonium-244, 230 [PS] PMOs (see under Planetary Mass Objects—see also brown dwarf stars) Po, 280 [GS], 309 [FS] Poimandres,
143 [FS] Poincaré, Jules Henri, 165 [PS] poisoning, 188 [PS] Poisson, Siméon, 179 [GS] Poland, 17 [GS], 3, 431 [FS] polar column (see axis mundi) Polar Geographic Institute, Italian (see
under Italian) Polar satellite, Polar spacecraft,
41-42 [FS] Polaris (see also Pole Star), 186,
188 [FS] Pole of Inaccessibility, 354 [GS] pole shifts, 33-34, 36, 47, 48, 51-52, 55
ff., 73-74, 76, 84 [FS] Pole Star(s)—(see also North Star, Polaris),
102, 222, 229, 232-233, 236, 237, 239, 243, 246, 247, 310, 341, 381, 439, 440,
451, 454-455, 491 [GS], 140, 142-143, 186, 188, 232, 238, 259, 276,
510 [FS] Pollack, James B., 159 [GS] pollen, 82, 178, 200, 407 [FS] Polycleitos the Younger, theatre of, 94 [FS] Polyhistor (see under Alex-ander Polyhistor) [FS] Polynesia, Polynesians (see also Oceania), 98, 137, 151, 153, 222,
241, 399, 446, 447 [FS], 56, 279 [GS] Pompeii, 245 [FS] Pope, Kevin, 205 [PS] Pope, Marvin, 31 [GS] Popul Vuh, 114, 151, 156,
307 [FS], 279, 317, 439 [GS]h,
64 [PS] Porcupine Hills, 460 [FS] Porfirev, V., 60 [PS] Porphyry (Malchus), 135 [GS],
123 [FS] Port Philip Bay, 403 [FS] Porter, Hal, 168 [FS] Portsmouth University, 113 [PS] Portugal, 198 [FS] Poseidon, 26 [GS], 92 [FS] Pothos, 433 [GS] pottery (ceramics), 354-355, 356-357, 358, 366 [FS] Potwar range and plateau, 201, 394,
417 [FS] Powell, Corey S., 352 [FS] Pradhana, 446 [GS] Prah Sau, 151 [GS] prairie fires, 47 [PS] prairies, 263 [PS] Prajapati, 237 [FS], 61, 196, 233, 310, 311, 446 [GS] prawns, 287 [GS] Praxiteles, 47 [GS] precession of the equinoxes (see equinoxes) precession, 14, 15, 16, 20, 109, 163 [FS] precipitation, 262, 264-267, 273, 281-283, 306, 309-310, 318,
338 [PS] Preuss, M., 439 [GS] Priapus, 240, 241, 242 [FS] Price, George McCready (see McCready Price) Prideaux, Tom, 194 [FS] Priestly Document, 120 [FS] Prigent, D., 427 [FS] primates, 134 [PS], 167, 170 [FS] Prince Patrick Island, 84 [FS] Princeton University, 151, 224 [PS] Principia, 107 [GS],
162 [PS] Principle of Least Interaction Action (see
under Least Interaction Action) Pringle, Heather, 169, 176 [FS], 91, 93, 99-100, 109 [PS] Proclus, 101 [GS] Proctor, Mary, 109 [GS] Progreso, 203 [PS] Prokopios, 165 [GS] prophets, 117, 301 [FS] proplyds (see circumstellar disks) proteins, 343 [PS] Protoarchaeopteryx, 102 [PS] Protopithecus, 202 [FS] protoplanetary disks (see circumstellar disks) protozoa, 508 [FS] Proxima Centauri, 325, 326, 343 [GS] Prum, Richard, 105-106 [PS] Psalms, 135,
292, 299 [FS] Psammites, The, 100 [GS] psychiatric malfunctions, 509 [FS] psychological disturbance, 508 [FS] psychotria emetica, 24 [PS] Ptah, 149, 194, 194-196, 214, 225,
311 [GS] Ptah-Seker-Asar (Ptah-Osiris), 195-196, 274 [GS] Ptah-Seker-Tem (Ptah-Seker-Atum),
195 [GS] Ptah-Tenen, 269 [GS] Pteranodon,
111, 112, 112, 184, 185 [PS], 346 [GS] Pterichthys, 57 [PS] pterodactyls, 117, 172 [PS], 345, 346, 347, 348 [GS] pterosaurs, 111, 112, 112 ff., 115,
117, 182 [PS] Ptolemaeus, Claudius (see Ptolemy) Ptolemais Hermii, 96 [GS] Ptolemy (Ptolemaeus, Claudius), 96 ff., 98, 99, 115, 117, 135 [GS], 109, 111, 240 [FS] Ptolemy Philadelphus, 222, 446 [GS] pucara,
214 [FS] Puebla, 450 [FS] Puget Sound, 68, 422 [FS] pulsars, 249, 260, 318-319, 500-501 [FS], 72, 79,
83-84 [PS] pumas, 65 [PS] pumice, 33 [FS] punctuated equilibrium, 38, 187 [PS] Punin, 478 [FS] Punjab, 201 [FS] Puranas, 96,
230-231 [FS] Pursuit,
255-256 [GS] Purusha, 230 [FS] Pushkar, 201 [FS] Puunoa Beach, 370 [GS] Pygmies (see also Efe Pygmies), 208,
482-484 [FS], 174 [PS] Pyramid Texts, 61, 62, 134, 230, 433,
443 [GS] pyramids (Egyptian), 230 [GS],
453 [FS] Pyrenees, 222 [PS], 3 [FS] Pyroeis, 55 [GS] Pythagoras, 109 [FS], 111 [GS] Pythagorians, 109 [GS] Pyxidis, T (see T Pyxidis) Pyxis constellation, 73 [PS] Q Qadesh (see Qudshu) Qetesh (see Qudshu) Qeteshi (see Qudshu) Qiang, Ji, 97-98, 102-103 [PS] Qoran,
274 [GS] Qoyangnuptu, 286 [GS] Qoyllur Rit’i (see Star of the Snow) quantum mechanics, 146, 164 [PS] Quaoar, 436 [FS] quartz, shocked, 200, 203, 210, 211, 220, 245 [PS] quasars, 475, 476 [GS] Quaternary period, 16, 96 [PS], 2, 7, 9, 18, 19, 81,
377-378, 420, 444, 505 [FS], 297, 362 [GS] Qudshu (Qadesh, Qetesh, Qeteshi), 34, 35 [GS] Quebec, 208, 211, 213 [PS],
426 [FS] Quelccaya ice cap, 315 [PS] Queloz, Didier, 325 [GS] Quetzalcoatl (Plumed or Feathered Serpent—see
also Gucumatz & Kukulkan), 36, 37, 38-39,
59, 312, 314-315, 316, 316-317, 435-437, 438,
439 [GS], 156 [FS] Quetzalcoatlus northropi, 112-113,
182 [PS] Quiché Maya, 1 [PS] (see also Maya) Quinn, Tom, 256 [FS] Qumran, 144 [FS] R Ra (Phra, Re), 24, 24, 25-26, 31, 132, 133, 134, 134-135,
141-145, 165, 168, 178, 178, 192, 193, 214-216,
230, 231, 252, 267, 268, 269, 270, 433, 437, 443 [GS]114, 116-117, 119, 120, 137, 227-228, 236-237, 279,
303-304, 306 [FS] Ra’i-tupua, 432 [GS] Rabbi Hanina, 104 [FS] Rabbi Yohanan, 104 [FS] Rabinowitz, David, 342 [PS],
494 [FS] racial divergence, 512 [FS] radiation, 256, 258, 429, 443, 472-474, 480,
487, 512 [FS] radiation, cosmic (see also under cosmic rays & gamma rays), 9,
12, 19-20, 25, 32, 71, 74, 79, 159, 189, 198, 226, 228-233, 235-236, 247, 260,
272, 298, 301, 351 [PS] radio communications, 500 [FS] radio flares, waves, & emissions, 146, 148, 225, 252, 260,
334 [FS], 71, 82 [PS], 477 [GS] radioactivity & radioactive fallout, 473, 475, 500 [FS],
17, 140-141, 209, 234, 236-237, 239, 241 [PS] radiocarbon/radiometric dating, 17, 18, 24,
47, 49, 52, 176, 340, 351, 361, 387, 401, 404, 407, 451, 487,
512-513 [FS], 67, 69, 190, 203, 211, 313, 315, 317-318 [PS] radioflux, solar (see solar radioflux) radon, 442 [FS] Ræphan (see Remphan) [GS] rafts (see boats) [FS] Rahmer, B., 61 [PS] Rahmstorf, Stefan, 204 [FS] Rainey, F., 445 [FS] Rainier, Mount, 68, 69 [FS] raised shorelines & beaches, 398 ff.,
402, ff., 405 ff., 411, 412, 413, 426 [FS] Raivata, 235 [FS] Raja Vijyanagram, 108 [FS] Raktabija (see Raktavira) Raktavira (Raktabija), 31 [GS] Ramban, the, 295, 308 [FS], 68 [GS] Rambler, Mitchell, 19-20 [PS] Ramphan (see Remphan) Rampino, Michael, 202, 215-216, 220 [PS] Ramsey collapse, 141 [PS] Rancho La Brea tar sands, 471 [FS] Rancho la Brea, 56, 65, 66, 66
ff. [PS] Ranghayaki, S., 15 [PS] Rankine vortex, 458-459, 463, 487 [GS] Ransom, C. J., 332 [GS] Rapa Nui, Rapanui, see Easter Island Raphael, Archangel, 105 [FS] Raphan (see Remphan) Ras Shamra (see also Ugarit), 30, 31,
223 [GS] Ras Shamra, 348 [FS], 63 [PS] Rasio, Frederic, 327, 329 [GS] Raton Basin, 197 [PS] rats (see also under pack rats),
169 [FS], 101 [PS] Raup, David, 187, 214-215, 349,
351 [PS], 468, 471 [FS] Raven, 196-197, 283-284, 337, 338 [GS] Raven Boy, 197, 337 [GS] Ravi, 122 [GS] Raviputra, 122 [GS] Rawlins, Wyoming, 446 [FS] Rawlinson, George, 127, 128, 142 [GS],
290 [FS] Ray, Thomas, 470 [GS], 492 [FS] Raymo, Maureen, 31 [FS] Re (see Ra) Reade, Michael, G., 56, 60 [FS], 189,
380 [GS] Reader’s Digest, 296 [FS] Red Deer River, 182 [PS] red dwarf stars, 139-140, 148-149, 157, 335, 371-372, 494 [FS],
159, 334, 343 ff., 381, 467, 477, 486 [GS], 2, 9, 32, 54, 73, 261,
268-270, 272 [PS] Red Rock Canyon, 393 [FS] red sprites, 42 [FS] Redwood trees, 368, 385 [GS] Ree, Francis, 431 [FS] Reeds, C. A., 162 [FS] Rees, Martin, 156 [PS] Regourdou Cave, 176 [FS] Regulus, 260-261 [FS] Rehm, Rush, 92 [FS] Rehu, 237 [FS] Rehwinkel, Alfred, 47-48 [PS] Reich chancellery, 29 [GS] Reichenbach, Oskar, 149-150 [FS], 176,
479 [GS], 273 [PS] Reichstag, 28 [GS] Reid, George, 229 [PS] Reik, Theodore, 21 [GS] reindeer, 493 [GS], 6, 185, 188, 189, 191, 193, 205-206,
444 [FS] Reipurth, Bo, 471, 475 [GS] Reis crater, 431 [FS] Reitzenstein, R., 449 [GS] relativity, general theory of, 68,
69 [GS], 73, 150, 157 [PS], 293, 295 [FS] religion (modern), 91, 135-136, 244-245, 290,
293, 489 [FS] religion (primitive and/or archaic), 92, 98,
104, 135-136, 150, 151, 175-176, 178, 184-186, 188, 215, 238, 244-245, 248,
290, 469, 489 [FS] religions, origins of, 277 [PS], 509 [FS] Remphan (Ræphan, Ramphan, Raphan), 205-206 [GS] Renaissance, 45 [GS], 95-96 [FS] Rendsburg, Gary A., 122, 126. 347 [FS] Reno, 294 [GS] Rephaim, 205 [GS] reptiles, 34, 158, 164, 408 [FS], 91-92, 94, 101-103, 179, 188,
209, 211, 212, 249 [PS] Republic,
434 [FS] Resheph, 213 [GS] resonance, 158-159 [PS] Rest (deity), 137 [FS] resurrection, 143-145 [FS] Retallack, Gregory, 484 [FS] retinal, 32 [PS] retrocalculation (cosmic), 352 [PS] retrocalculations, astronomical, 184-185,
186 [GS] Reuyl, D., 325 [GS] Reynolds, Robert, 220 [PS] rhea, 202 [FS] Rhea, 47, 51 [GS] Rheticus, 101 [GS] Rhetorios, 135 [GS] rhinoceros, 131, 133, 264 [PS], 365,
385, 404 [GS], 76, 78, 81, 184, 205, 426,
445, 479 [FS] Rho Ophiuchi, 468 [GS] Rhode Island, University of, 59 [PS] Rhodes, 97, 136 [GS] Rhodesia, 479, 482 [FS] rhodopsin, 158 [FS] Rhone River, 175 [FS] ribose, 15 [PS] Rich, Tom, 254, 255 [PS] Richards, Paul, 377 [FS] Rickards, Tessa (illustrations by),
64 [GS] rickets, 171 [FS] rift valleys, 66 [FS] Rig Veda,
233, 261, 269 [GS] Riggs, Alan, 22 [FS] rings (cosmic), 72-73, 158-159, 160,
219, 273-275, 276, 276, 277, 277, 278, 278-284, 293,
298-299-300, 300, 301, 346 [PS] rings (stellar), 250, 260, 288 [FS] rings, Saturnian (see Saturn—ring system) Rio Santas, 477 [FS] Rist, Curtis, 138 [PS] rites, religious, see rituals rituals, 91, 93, 96, 509 [FS] RNA, 232 [PS] Robinson, Robert, 61 [PS] Robinson, Steven, 5, 47, 171 [FS] Roche limit, 138-139 [PS], 439 [FS] Roche, Patrick, 335 [GS] Rock Rapids, 284 [FS] Rockies, 30, 379, 460 [FS],
184 [PS] Rockwood, Paul (painting by), 424 [FS] Rocky Mountains (see Rockies) rodents, 65 [PS] rodents, giant, 444 [FS] Rohl, David, 125-126 [FS], 198,
223 [GS] Romanishin, William, 439 [FS] Rome, Romans, 93, 96, 98, 105, 108, 124, 127, 139, 145, 240, 245, 280, 345,
469 [FS], 348 [PS], 56, 78, 79, 82, 122, 135, 151, 166, 239, 242,
263, 357, 441 [GS] rongorongo,
98, 102 [FS] Ronne ice shelf, 29 [FS] Roots of Civilization, The, 193 [FS] Rose, Lynn E., 108, 168, 177, 182, 185, 189, 217, 220, 222, 244, 245, 246, 344, 345, 409, 417-418, 422, 458, 459, 461, 464 [GS] Rose, Lynn E., 134, 136, 165, 352 [PS],
18-21, 26, 59 [FS] Rosenberg, Roy, 209 [GS] Rosette HH1, 6 [PS] Rosette Nebula, 6 [PS] Rosicrucians, 91 [FS] Ross 614, 325 [GS] Ross ice shelf, 29 [FS] Ross, Marvin, 431 [FS] Ross, W. D., 55 [GS] Rossini, Stéphane (illustrations
by), 271 [GS] Roth, Ann Macy, 230 [GS] Roth, Joshua, 470 [GS] Rotumans, 356 [GS] Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 213 [FS] Roussin, Lucille, 105, 116 [FS] Rouzaud, François, 175-176 [FS] Roy, Archie, 180, 183, 185 [GS],
324 [FS] Royal Institute of Technology, 489 [GS] Royal Ontario Museum, 89 [PS] Royal Society, 16 [FS] RS Ophiuci, 317 [FS] ruach, 289,
370 [FS], 262, 429, 434, 441, 446, 451 [GS] Ruben, John, 92-93, 98 [PS] Rubenstein, Eric, 369 [FS] rubies, 341 [PS] Rubin, Meyer, 404 [FS] Rubin, Vera, 155 [PS] Ruddiman, William, 261 [PS],
31 [FS] Ruderman, Malvin, 231 [PS] Rudra, 228, 230, 280 [FS] Rumia, 282 [GS], 312 [FS] Runcorn, Keith, 257 [GS] Russ, Christopher, 131 [PS] Russell, Dale A., 472 [FS], 348 [GS], 93, 115, 218, 222,
229, 251, 257 [PS] Russia, Russians (see also Soviets,
Soviet Union), 17, 256 [GS], 61, 65, 202, 264, 286 [PS], 85, 206,
298, 431 [FS] Rutledge, Bob, 477 [GS] Rutowski, Ronald, 22-23 [PS] rye, 354 [GS] Ryskin, Gregory, 484 [FS] S Saarbrücken, 58 [PS] Sabadini, R., 399 [GS] Sabaoth, 448 [GS] Sabato, 151 [GS] Sabbath (Shabbath), 151, 204-205, 207 [GS], 128, 138 [FS] Sabbath Star, 204 [GS] Sabbaton, 151 [GS] Sabboi, 128 [FS] Sabet, Kokab (see Kokab Sabet) sacrifice (human), 43, 52, 59, 420, 421 [GS] sacrifice, 91, 93 [FS] SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder),
215 [FS] Sadhus, 236 [FS] Saeturnus (see Saturnus) Saetus (see Saturnus) Safranov, V. S., 61 [FS] Sagan, Carl, 104, 156, 318, 367, 383, 385, 387, 431, 441 [FS],
177, 188, 199, 202, 236, 269 [PS], 66, 99, 105, 324, 467, 483 [GS] SAGE, 249 [GS] sagebrush, 168 [FS] Sager, William, 62 [FS] Sagitov, R., 162 [PS] Sagittae (15), 471 [GS] Sagittarius galaxy, 8, 355-358 [PS] Sahagún, 87 [GS] Sahara Desert, 119, 170, 306 [PS], 26,
70, 72-73 [FS] Sahel (see Suhail) Sahu, Kailash, 471 [GS] Sahul, 402 [FS] Saint Lawrence River, 426 [FS] Saint Vincent (island), 424 [FS] Saint-Césaire (locality), 196 [FS] Saint-Marcel (locality), 194, 268,
269 [FS] Sais, 149 [GS] Saiva sect, Saivites (see Shivaites) Sakkuth (see Siccuth) [GS] Sakti Puja, 447 [GS] salamanders, 289, 365 [GS] Salem (city—see also Jerusalem),
208 [GS] Salem (deity—see Shalem) Salim (see Shalem) Salkeld, David, 349 [PS], 396 [FS] salt deposits, 381, 453 [FS] Salt Lake (see Great Salt Lake) salt lakes, 407, 426 [FS] Salt Range (India), 417 [FS] Salummati (see Assurnasirpal) Samaria Gorge, 415 [FS] Samas (see Shamash) Samhain, 353 [GS] Sammer, Jan, 177, 237, 278 [GS] Samoans, 197 [GS] Samse u-mi, 147 [GS] Samsu (see Shamshu) Samsuiluna, 208 [GS] San Antonio, 160 [FS] San Diego, 488 [GS] San Dou Ping, 35 [PS], 416 [FS] San Francisco, 245 [FS], 65 [PS] San Pedro, 65 [PS] Sanchoniathon, 123, 279-280, 289 [FS], 28, 168, 225, 272,
432-433, 457 [GS] Sanctus Spiritus (see also Holy
Ghost), 434 [GS] Sand Reckoner (see Psam-mites, The) [GS] sand storms, 184, 189 [PS] sand, 36, 41, 42, 43, 56, 61, 65,
68-69 [PS], 62, 71, 163, 201, 428 [FS] Sandell, Göran, 467 [GS] Sanders, E., 79 [PS] Sanders, Robert, 157 [PS] Sandpoint, 392 [FS] sandstone, 211 [PS], 369 [GS], 48, 56 [PS] Sandstrom, Karin, 234 [PS],
471 [FS] Sanduleak, 71 [PS] Sani (see Shani) Sansbury, Ralph, 166-167 [PS] Santa Claus (Sinterklaas), 241-242 [GS],
229 [FS] Santa Monica district & mountains, 69 [PS] Santorini (ancient Thera), 358, 359,
414 [FS], 38, 40 [PS] Santos, Nuno, 3 [PS] Saora, 395 [FS] sapphires, 341 [PS] Saqqara, 230 [GS] Saracens (Sinaitic), 33 [GS] Sarasin, F., 33 [FS] Sarasin, P., 33 [FS] Sardinia, 443 [GS] Sarton, George, 103 [GS] Sarva, 230 [FS] Sarvadevamaya, 235 [FS] Sarvalakshana, 235 [FS] Satan, Shaitan, 347-348 [FS] Satapatha Brahmana, 196, 269, 270,
305, 310 [GS] satellites (natural), 4, 12, 127, 138-139, 158-159, 224, 239, 240, 243-244, 271, 275, 276, 279, 307,
346, 356 [PS] satellites, artificial (see also under own
name), 74, 233, 290, 295, 296 [PS], 41, 267, 442, 500 [FS] satellites, planetary, 153, 324, 339,
504 [FS] Saterne’s Day (or Daeg), 151 [GS] Saturn (deity—see also Saturnus), 65, 81, 87,
139, 145, 165, 169-170, 172-173, 192, 196, 202, 205, 213, 225, 243, 305, 309,
310-312, 356, 357, 410, 429, 434, 438-439, 441, 446, 448, 451 [GS], 63-64,
346 [PS], 125-126, 128, 132-134, 136, 138, 156, 208-209, 219-220, 228,
230, 233, 235-237, 239, 276, 279-280, 289, 302-303, 306, 312, 315, 347-348,
395, 472, 511 [FS] Saturn (planet & proto-planet), 53, 65, 92, 104-105, 112-117,
122, 125, 128, 132-133, 135-140, 142-143, 145-147, 149-150, 155, 159-162, 165,
195, 207-208, 214, 217-218, 225-227, 229, 231-233, 235-236, 238, 248-252,
255-259, 261-262, 264-265, 268, 271, 276,
279-280, 283, 285, 287-290, 298, 299, 301-307, 310, 313, 317-319, 325, 327-328, 330, 332-333, 335-343, 345, 348,
365-367, 369-372, 374-376, 382, 385-386, 390-391, 406, 419, 424, 429, 432-440,
467-468, 471-474, 476-477, 479, 482, 484, 486-487, 489-493, 495, 497, 497-498,498, 499, 499-501, 503-504, 507, 509-513 [FS], 6-7, 10, 12-14, 18-19,
22, 26, 46, 50, 52-55, 63-64, 69-70, 75, 78-80, 82-86, 111, 133-134, 136, 138-139,
153, 155, 158-159, 165, 167-169, 172, 234-235, 237, 239-240, 245-247, 249-251,
254-256, 258, 266-273, 277, 278, 279-282, 284,
293, 296, 298, 299, 299-300, 300, 301-302, 304-307, 310, 314-315, 322-326, 333, 335, 336, 337-341, 346, 348, 351-354, 357-358 [PS], 47, 52, 55, 61, 62,
73, 81, 88, 93-94, 108, 109, 110, 118, 119, 120 ff., 142 ff., 154-157, 158, 159 ff., 165 ff., 176, 176 ff., 179
ff., 192 ff., 204 ff., 220 ff., 251-253, 255, 261 ff., 274 ff., 283 ff., 290,
293, 294-295, 297 ff., 302, 305 ff., 321-324, 326, 328, 329, 332, 334, 335,
336, 337, 339-341, 343-345, 348-350, 361, 367-368, 377, 380, 381-383, 385-387,
400, 404, 405, 407, 409-415, 417-420, 422-424, 426-429, 432-435, 437-441, 443,
446-449, 455, 457-459, 461, 463-471, 478-481, 483-493 [GS] Saturn and the Flood and Jupiter of the
Thunderbolt, 177 [GS] Saturnalia,
137 [GS], 145 [FS], 241-242 [GS] Saturni Dies, 151 [GS] Saturnian Sea (see Kronios Okeanos) Saturn—ring system, 53, 497 [FS] Saturnus (see also Saturn), 145, 218, 345, 346 [FS], 56, 129, 169-170, 171, 172, 178, 239, 306-307, 356-357, 449 [GS] Satyavrata, 439 [GS] Saudi Arabia, 56 [PS] Sauer, C. O., 444 [FS] Saura Siddhanta (see Surya Siddhanta) Saurah, 122 [GS] sauropods, 119, 123, 125, 126,
127-128, 136, 249 [PS] Sauvageot, A., 218 [FS] Savage, Candice, 286, 289 [PS] Savitri, 137 [FS] Sba, 61 [GS] Sbat uatitha, 61 [GS] scablands, 393, 414 [FS] scales, 98, 101 ff. [PS] scaling, 272-273, 281 [FS] Scandinavia, Scandinavians, 31, 66, 81, 206, 207, 240, 276, 389,
400, 407, 409-410, 417 [FS], 321 [PS], 15, 227, 232 [GS] scarabs, 116-117, 118, 120 [FS] Schaefer, Bradley, 45, 368 [FS] Schaefer, Ingo, 16 [FS] Scharff, R. F., 203-204 [FS] Schewe, Philip, 231 [PS] Schiaparelli, Giovanni, 378 [GS] Schilling, Govert, 225 [FS], 273 [PS] Schimper, Carl, 2 [FS] Schindewolf, Otto, 472 [FS] Schlegel, Gustave, 95, 310, 311 [GS] Schneider, D., 410 [FS] Schneider, Glen, 149 [FS], 467 [GS] Schneider, Stephen, 269 [PS] Schott, Albert, 63 [PS] Schrag, Daniel, 10, 12-13 [FS] Schroeder, Dan, 326 [GS] Schroeder, Gerald, 295, 297 [FS],
68 [GS] Schultz, Gwen, 260 [PS], 404 [FS] Schultz, Peter, 401-404 [GS] Schwarz, Norman, 229 [GS] Schweitzer, Mary, 110-111 [PS] Science, 12, 81, 377 [FS],
196 [PS], 385 [GS] Science Digest, 367 [FS] Science Digest
(illustration courtesy of), 299 [PS] Science News,
355 [FS] Scientific American, 108, 158 [PS], 333, 334, 399, 401 [GS], 500 [FS] Scipionyx samniticus, 110 [PS] Scorpii, U (see U Scorpii) Scorpio (Scorpius— constellation), 115, 117 [GS] scorpions, sea, 209 [PS] Scotese, Christopher, 371 [GS] Scotland, 3, 6, 84, 215, 355, 409, 420-421, 485, 488 [FS], 43,
57, 208 [PS] Scott, Donald E., 147, 262, 263, 264,
285, 287, 335, 387 [FS], 291, 330 [PS], 464, 481, 482, 484,
485 [GS] Scott, Steve, 58 [PS] scribe(s), 18, 19 [GS] Scripps Institution of
Oce-anography, 286 [GS], 58, 181 [PS] Scully, Vincent, 96 [FS] Scythians, 206 [GS] sea level changes, 22, 24, 55, 190, 363, 377, 387, 397 ff., 402 ff.,
405 ff., 408 ff., 411 ff., 419 ff., 422, 425, 427-428, 443, 477 [FS],
64-65, 189, 193-194, 209, 247-248, 264, 321 [PS] Sea of Passage, 133 [FS] sea sediments (see deep-sea sediments) sea shells, 404 [GS] sea-floor spreading (see also Continental
Drift), 11 [FS] Seager, Sara, 14, 327-328 [PS] seal, elephant-, 349 [PS] seals & seal impressions (see bullae) seals, 407, 426 [FS] Searle, D. J., 399 [FS] seas, inland, 39 [PS] Seasonal Affective Disroder (see under SAD) seasonality (see climatology) seasons, 14, 160-164, 195, 204, 258, 267-268, 511 [FS], 67,
105, 107, 307, 350, 351-359, 376-377, 383, 386, 387, 390, 391 [GS] Sebek (Sebku), 61 [GS] Sebek-Tum-Ra, 25 [GS] Sebku (see Sebek) Sed festival, 149 [GS] Sedeq (Zedek), 118 [FS] sedges, 168 [FS] sediment & sedimentation (land-based & oceanic—see also
deep-sea sediments), 33 ff., 43 ff., 52, 56, 58, 65, 69, 199, 209, 212,
219, 226, 267, 315, 338 [PS], 46, 49, 55, 163, 200 [FS],
466 [GS] Sedna (deity), 439 [FS] Sedna (planetoid), 439-440, 503-504 [FS] seeds (fossilized), 404 [FS] seeds, 133, 198 [PS] Seeing Red,
476 [GS] Sefer ha-Razim,
105 [FS] Segrè, Gino, 13 [FS], 4, 13, 339 [PS] Seir, 117 [FS] seismic waves (see earthquakes) Seismosaurus, 119, 120, 122, 123 [PS] Seker, 39, 195, 195-196 [GS] Seker-Asar, 195 [GS] Sekhmet, 31, 33, 33, 35, 37 [GS] Seler, Eduard, 315 [GS] “Self-Created, The,” 307-308 [FS] Seleucus I, 119 [GS] Seltzer, Geoffrey, 314 [PS] Semeniuk, V., 399 [FS] semes (see shemesh) Semites, Semitic, 113, 120, 122-124,
126 [FS] Seneca, 109, 112 [FS], 109,
115 [GS] sengle das, 64 [PS] senility, 188 [PS] Sepkoski, Jack, 214-215 [PS] Sepphoris, 116 [FS] Septuagint (see also under Old testament
and under Bible), 205, 222 [GS] Sequoia gigantea (see Red-wood trees) Serbia, 16, 298 [FS] Serengeti, 169 [FS], 67 [PS] Sereno, Paul, 89, 119, 121-122 [PS] Serpens (constellation), 328 [GS] serpent(s), snake(s) —mythological, 42, 43, 237, 238 [GS] Servius, 303 [FS] Sesostris, 443 [GS] Set, 108, 228, 313 [FS], 37, 78,
80 [GS] Sethian cult, 248 [FS] Sethians, 429, 446 [GS] Seven Sisters (see Pleiades) seven, 231 [FS] Severs, Richard K., 350-351 [FS] seyfert galaxies, 251 [FS] Seymour Island, 254, 257 [PS] SGR 1806-20, 233-234 [PS] SGR 1900+14, 500 [FS] Shabbath (see Sabbath) Shabtai, 137 [FS], 151, 204-205,
207 [GS] Shackleton, E. H., 369 [GS] Shackleton, Nicholas, 18, 55 [FS] Shaddai (Íaddai), 118-120, 122,
132 [FS] shaitan (see under Satan) Shakespeare, 5 [GS] Shala, 210 [GS] Shalako ritual, 96 [FS] Shalamanu, 210 [GS] shale, 48, 58, 60, 65 [PS] Shalem (Salem, Salim, Shalim—deity), 208 ff., 216 [GS] Shalim (see Shalem) Shalmaneser, 210 [GS] shamans, shamanism, 176, 185, 191, 210 [FS] Shamash (Samas), 122 ff., 124, 129, 130, 145, 147, 165, 178, 178,
207, 208, 210, 213, 225, 252, 447 [GS], 113, 132, 137 [FS] Shamshu, 125, 447-448 [GS] Shang di, Shang-ti, Shang-te (see
Huang-ti) [FS] Shang dynasty, 107 [GS] Shang-te (see Shang-ti) Shang-ti (Shang-te), 237, 238,
264 [GS] Shani Pradosh, 151 [GS] Shani, 151, 441 [GS], 235-236 [FS] Shanidar Cave, 177-178 [FS] Shani-Pradosh, 235 [FS] Shaniscara, 61, 233, 236 [GS] Shanivar, 151 [GS], 235 [FS] Shanks, Hershel, 117 [FS] Shapley, Harlow, 157 [FS], 304 [PS] Shapur I, 301 [FS] Shar Apsi, 220 [FS] Shark Bay, 210 [PS] Sharma, Pankaj, 361 [FS] Shasta, Mount, 423-424 [FS] Shastika, 208, 389 [FS] Shaurih, 236 [GS] Shaviv, Nir, 46 [FS] Shaw, John, 393-394 [FS] Shechem, 134 [FS], 223 [GS] shells & shellfish (see also mollusks),
43, 179 [PS], 84, 182, 407, 428, 477 [FS] Shem, 301 [FS] Shem, Paraphrase of, 300, 306 [FS] shemesh, 125 [GS] shemsh, 125 [GS] shepherding moons, 159 [PS] Sherente, 87 [GS] Sherrerd, Chris, 410, 411 [GS] Shetland Islands, 84 [FS] Shi, 217 [GS] Shiloh, 134 [FS] shimsha, 125 [GS] Shirnapada, 441 [GS] Shishkino, 206 [FS] Shiva (death star), 216 [PS] Shiva (deity), 216 [PS] Shiva Crater, 225 [PS] Shiva Purana,
232 [GS], 280 [FS] Shiva, 227-228, 229, 229-231, 232, 232, 233, 233-239, 241-245, 248,
283, 289, 306, 313 [FS], 31, 147, 233, 447 [GS] Shivaites, Saiva sect, Saivites, 236, 242,
244 [FS] Shivatosini,
234 [FS] Shklovskiy, I. S., 472 [FS] Shlomoh (see Solomon) Shoemaker, Carolyn, 416 [GS] Shoemaker, Eugene, 216 [PS],
416 [GS] Shoemaker-Levy 9 (see also Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9), 138 [PS] Shomaker, William, 288 [FS] shooting stars (see also meteors),
77 [GS] Showa-Shinzan, 421 [FS] Shreeve, James, 197-199 [FS] Shu, 237 [FS], 437, 438, 443,
444, 457 [GS] Shukra, 61 [GS] Shulammite (see Shulmanitu) Shulman (Shulmanu, Shulmanuha, Shulmanuhi), 209-213, 216 [GS] Shulmanitu (Sulmanitu),
210 [GS] Shulmanuha (see Shulman) Shulmanuhi (see Shulman) Sia, 215 [FS], 339 [GS] Siamese twins, 481 [FS] Sibbaldus musculus, 123, 123 [PS] Siberia, 3, 38, 52, 76, 78, 80-82,
84-85, 169, 179, 186, 189-190, 193, 205-206, 238, 453, 456 [FS], 63, 195,
200, 256-257, 264, 266 [PS], 75, 219, 275, 354, 404, 415, 492 [GS] Siberian Islands, New (see New Siberian
Islands) Sibt, 151 [GS] Sibyllines, 227 [FS] Siccuth (Sakkuth, Sikut, Sikkut),
206-207 [GS] Sicily, 107 [GS] Siddhantas, 96 [GS] Sieff, Martin, 206 [GS] Siegert, Martin, 85 [FS] Siegfried and Roy, 475 [FS] Sigma Orionis, 224 [FS] Signor, Phil, 465 [FS] Signor-Lipps effect, 465 [FS] Sigwarth, John, 41-42 [FS] Sikkut (see Siccuth) Sikut (see Siccuth) Silurian period, 16, 46, 208, 341 [PS], 297, 362 [GS], 9 [FS] Silverberg, Robert, 306 [PS],
391 [FS] Simmons, Henry, 155, 157 [GS] Simon, Christiane (illustrations by), 357 [FS] Simoni, M., 316 [GS] Simon-Peter, 396 [FS] Simplicius, 122 [GS] Simpson, George Gaylord, 175 [PS] Simpson, John A., 155 [GS] Simpson, Sarah, 12-13 [FS] simsa (see shimsha) [GS] Sin (deity—also Enzu, Zu-en), 122, 123, 129 [GS], 123 [FS] Sinai (desert), 117, 135 [FS],
224 [GS] Sinai, Mount, 117, 122, 124 [FS] Sing-Li-Ta-Tsiuen-Chou, 420 [FS] Sinosauropteryx Prima,
97-98 [PS] Sinterklaas (see Santa Claus) Sioux (see also Lakota), 390 [GS] Sippar, 113 [FS], 129 [GS] Sirius, 56, 118, 173 [GS] Sitchin, Zecharia, 64-65, 75 [FS] Sitivrat, 439 [GS] Siva (see Shiva) [PS] sixth force, 149, 161 [PS] Sizemore, Warner B., 163 [GS] Sjoberg, A. W., 127 [GS], 302 [FS] skald(s), 14, 15 [GS] Skanda, 60,
61 [GS] Skidi (see Pawnee) Sky & Telescope, 260 [FS],
31 [PS] sky pillar (see axis mundi) Slabinski, Victor, 59-60 [FS] Slavey, 389 [FS] Sloan, Robert, 222 [PS] Slomoh (see Solomon) [GS] sloths, 65 [PS] sloths, giant, 203, 205, 444, 461 [FS] Slovenia, 171 [FS] Small Magellanic Cloud, 354-355 [PS] Smart, J., 399 [FS] Smart, W. M., 184, 185 [GS], 324 [FS] Smilodon, 202, 478 [FS] Smit, Jan, 200, 209, 230 [PS] Smith, A. G. (illustration by), 97 [FS], 353, 354 [GS] Smith, Andrew Lee, 341 [PS] Smith, Josh, 119 [PS] Smith, Richard M. (illustrations by), 271, 291 [FS] Smithey, William, 58 [PS] Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory,
504 [FS] SN1987A, 288, 318, 432 [FS], 71-73, 301 [PS] snails, 179, 209 [PS] Snaith, N. H., 62 [GS] snakes, 101 [PS], 157, 434 [FS],
365 [GS] Snake River & Plain, 379, 381,
393 [FS] snake(s)—mythological (see serpents) snake-stones, 434 [FS] Snake, the (cosmic), 245 [PS] Snake, the (sustained spatial electric
discharge), 462 [GS] Snowball Earth, 12-13 [FS] Snowblitz Theory, 27-28 [FS] Snyder, M. A., 392 [GS] Sobotovich, E., 431 [FS] Society for Interdisciplinary Studies, 166 [PS], 302 [GS] Society Islands, 98, 294, 399 [FS] Socorro, 477 [GS] Socrates, 47, 49, 177 [GS], 95-96, 100,
101 [FS] Soffer, Olga, 182-183 [FS] Sol, 115, 303, 304 [FS], 122, 139, 148, 165, 441 [GS] Sol Invictus, 139, 241 [GS] Sol niger, 148 [GS] solar flares, prominences, storms, and
radiation (see also under flares), 45, 367, 368,
368-369, 372-375, 500-501, 512 [FS] solar radioflux, 509 [FS] solar storms, 307 [PS] Solar System (see also systems,
extra-solar), 1-4, 7, 10, 12, 13, 50-52, 70, 73-74, 77, 79, 127, 138, 153, 155,
157, 161, 165, 167-168, 172, 215-216, 223, 227, 230, 234, 239, 266, 276, 279,
281, 304, 324, 326-328, 342-343, 352-353, 356-358 [PS], 16, 34, 38, 45,
46, 53, 64, 91, 107, 109, 110, 112, 139, 150, 153, 159, 161, 255, 257-259, 261,
282, 296-297, 319-322, 324, 326-327, 329-330, 332, 335, 337-338, 342, 345, 366,
367, 376, 429, 432, 435-436, 438-440, 467, 470, 494-495, 499-504, 507, 509-510,
512 [FS], 23, 52, 66, 67, 69, 75, 77, 97, 99, 111, 157, 159, 163, 164,
176, 177, 179 ff., 220, 248, 259, 265, 266, 287, 295, 299-300, 302, 303,
321-326, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 334, 337, 339, 340, 342-343, 350, 381-382, 385, 400-402, 405,
411, 414-415, 418-420, 422, 424, 426, 455, 464-465, 469-472, 481, 485, 486,
490, 493 [GS] solar systems, 161 [GS] Solar Topographic Hypothesis, 43 [FS] solar wind, 13-14, 153, 154, 158,
290-291, 327-328 [PS], 160, 282, 287, 368, 473 [FS], 298, 299,
419 [GS] Solecki, Ralph S., 170, 177 [FS] Solenhofen, 94, 117 [PS] Solitude Walker (see Taikómol) Solomon (Slomoh, Shlomoh) 205, 209 ff. [GS], 108, 134 [FS] Solomon Islands, 399 [FS] Solomon, Song of, 210 [GS] Solomon, Temple of, 108, 116-117, 127, 134, 134-136, 144 [FS], 210-211, 212, 225, 227 [GS] Solomon, Testament of, 205 [GS] Solon, 55, 72 [GS] solstice(s), 102, 105, 118, 241, 351 [GS] Solutré, 456 [FS] Soma Pavamana (see Pava-mana) [FS] Soma, 231, 306 [FS] Song of Solomon (see Solomon, Song of) Song, Xiaodong, 377 [FS] soot, 200-201, 221-222, 237-238 [PS] Sophists, 43 [GS] Soque, 288 [GS] Sorensen, Herbert, 376 [GS] Sótuknang, 389 [FS] South Africa, 167, 307 [FS], 280 [GS], 313 [PS] South America, 10, 11, 73, 151, 155,
182, 202, 214, 307, 309, 391, 397, 407, 426, 444-445, 471, 478 [FS], 278,
284, 374 [GS], 47, 131, 145, 177, 248, 253, 306, 320 [PS] South Australian Museum, 404 [FS] South Dakota, 117 [PS] south pole, 10, 11, 12, 34, 52,
73 [FS], 254, 255, 256, 258, 294, 354, 369, 394, 404, 409, 464 [GS] south pole (geographic), 200, 258, 294, 316, 318, 320, 322-324,
337 [PS] south pole (magnetic), 166, 190,
296, 307 [PS] South, Star of the (see Star of the
south) Southwest Research Institute, 160 [FS] Soviet Union (see also Russia), 249 [GS] space age, 489 [FS] space probes (see spacecraft) space, outer (cosmic), 15, 50, 74-81, 161, 224, 234, 260, 291, 298,
327, 337-338, 343-344, 353, 358 [PS] Space.com, 343 [PS] spacecraft & probes (see also satellites,
artificial), 285 [FS] spacecraft (see also under own names), 31, 74, 77, 154, 233, 243,
352 [PS] Spain, Spaniards, 3, 182, 184, 189, 215, 240,
455 [FS], 17 [GS], 197, 200 [PS] Spanish Conquest & Colonialism, 214, 307,
445, 460 [FS] Spaulding, W. Geoffrey, 361 [FS] Spedicato, Emilio, 35 [FS], 412,
420 [GS] Spencer, Patricia, 215 [GS] Spica, 103 [GS] spindle of Necessity (see under Necessity) spirals (artistic), 269, 270 [FS] spirals (plasmatic), 264, 268-269,
277 [FS] Spitsbergen, Spitzbergen, 80, 84-85,
206 [FS], 365, 368, 379, 493 [GS] Spitzer Space Telescope, 301-302 [PS] Spitzer, Lyman, 337 [PS] Spokane Flood, 392 [FS] spokes, Saturnian, 299 [PS] Spray, John, 212 [PS] springbok, 444 [FS] Springville (Arizona), 275 [FS] spruce trees, 368 [GS], 263 [PS] squatter image (see mirror image) squirrels, 67 [PS] Sri Lanka (Ceylon), 237, 400, 402 [FS] Ssuma Ts’ien, 237 [GS] St. Helens, Mount (see Mount St. Helens) St. Louis, 459 [GS] Stager, Lawrence, 134 [FS] stalactites, 375 [FS] Standring, Paul, 428 [FS] Stanford Linear Accelerator Laboratory, 68,
411 [GS] Stanford University, 197 [FS] star maps, 56 [GS] Star of the South, 61, 409-410 [GS] Star Way, 165 [GS] Stardust spacecraft, 5 [PS] starfish, 286 [GS] stars, 14, 45, 46, 102, 104, 109, 112, 126-127, 146-148, 150-152,
189, 218, 223-225, 249-250, 256, 258-260, 290, 292-293, 296, 308, 315 ff., 317
ff., 333-334, 336-337, 368, 430, 432-433, 470, 491-492, 495, 501, 503-504,
510-511 [FS], 2-8, 18, 27, 31, 50-51, 54, 72, 75-76, 78-81, 84, 155-156,
231, 234, 237, 268, 271, 327, 332, 334-335, 337-338, 353-357 [PS], 56, 59,
61, 63, 67, 77, 95, 96, 100, 101, 103, 105, 116, 117, 118, 148, 173, 175, 180,
229-230, 232, 237, 249-251, 265, 276, 278, 280, 282, 304, 305, 321, 324, 325,
327-328, 332, 334, 335, 336, 337, 340, 341, 343-344, 353, 357, 426, 428, 461,
467-472, 475-478, 481-482, 485-486, 489, 491 [GS] stars, circumpolar (see circumpolar stars) Stassun, Keivan, 495 [FS] steatopygia, 482 [FS] Stecchini, Livio, 66, 108, 306-307, 311 [GS] Steel, Duncan, 469-470 [FS] Stefansson, Vilhjalmur, 2 [FS] stegodonts, 173 [PS] Stegosaurus, 350 [PS] Stein, Ben, 231 [PS] Steinhauer, Loren C., 54 [FS] Stella Solis, 122 [GS] Stenonychosaurus, 94 [PS] Stephens, John Lloyd, 436 [GS] steppes, 262 [PS] Stern, Alan, 187, 220, 334 [GS], 330, 435 [FS],
342 [PS] Stern, Ephraim, 134 [FS] Stevenson, David, 366 [FS],
401 [GS] Stevns Klint, 197 [PS] Sthanu, 231, 236 [FS] Sthira, Sthirah, 231, 235 [FS],
216 [GS] Stiebing, Jr., William, 96 [FS] Stilbon, 55 [GS] Stockholm, 410 [FS] Stoics, 43, 45 [GS] Stone Age (see also under Paleolithic,
Mesolithic, and/or Neolithic), 492 [GS] Stonehenge, 239-240 [FS] Stothers, Richard, 215-216 [PS] Stoughton, Richard, 25 [PS] Strabo, 143 [FS] strata & stratification (geological—see also geologic strata),
65, 467-468 [FS] stratigraphical record (see geologic strata) stratosphere, terrestrial (see atmosphere) Strickling, James E., 483 [FS], 148,
479 [GS] strong force, 157 [PS] Strong, James, 429 [GS] Stuchenrath, R., 319 [PS] Stutzer, Otto, 48 [PS] Styracosaurus, 350 [PS] Sublician Bridge, 108 [FS] Subrahmanya, 60 [GS] subtrons, 167 [PS] Sudan, 173-174, 201, 280 [GS] Sudbury (Ontario), 431 [FS] Sue (the dinosaur), 117 [PS] Sues, Hans-Dieter, 89, 91, 133, 350-351 [PS] Suess, H. E., 52 [FS] Suffolk, 427 [FS] Suhail (Suhayl, Sahel), 276 [GS] Suhayl (see Suhail) Suhr, Elmer, 67, 448, 452-453, 455 [GS] suicides, 508 [FS] sulfuric acid, 286, 289 [GS] Sullivan, Walter, 59 [PS] Sulmanitu (see Shulmanitu) sulphur (see sulfur) Sumatra, 280 [GS], 402, 420 [FS] Sumer, Sumerians, 63, 115, 138 [GS], 64,
104, 106, 125, 209, 213 [FS] Sun of Fire, 64 [PS] sun of righteousness, 127 [FS] Sun Stone (Calendar Stone), 318 [GS] sun wheels, 127, 128, 129 [FS] Sun, 1-3, 7, 10, 12-13, 15, 17-20,
31-32, 50, 52-53, 74-75, 77, 82, 83, 83, 85-86,
127, 132, 136, 138, 150-151, 152, 154-155, 158,
167, 169, 172, 193, 198, 215-216, 227, 233, 256, 260-262, 266, 269, 271, 276,
289-290, 293, 296, 304-305, 309, 314, 324, 326, 327-329, 335, 337-339, 341-343,
346, 351-354, 357-358 [PS], 14, 30, 31, 34, 36, 38, 40, 43-46, 51, 54, 56,
61, 64, 102, 104-105, 109, 110, 112-114, 127, 137, 142, 150-157, 159-160, 162,
195, 214, 223, 225, 228, 238, 250, 255, 257-262, 264, 268, 281-283, 285,
287-288, 290, 292-293, 296, 303-304, 306, 308, 320, 322, 325-326, 332-335,
337-338, 343, 345, 367, 368, 368-369, 371-376,
382, 385-386, 391, 397, 405, 432, 435-437, 439-440, 470, 473-474, 487, 489,
492, 495, 497, 500-504, 506-507, 509-513 [FS], 23-26, 51, 67, 71, 72, 84,
89, 90, 93, 95, 96, 99, 100-103, 105-107, 109, 116, 117, 121 ff., 131 ff., 147,
148, 149, 153, 155, 156, 158, 159, 162, 163, 164, 165, 173, 177, 179-182, 187,
189, 190-191, 192, 194, 201, 202, 203, 207, 217, 219, 225, 226, 230, 248-249,
251-253, 275-280, 282, 284, 286, 288, 293, 294-295, 297, 299, 304, 305, 311,
312, 316, 321-324, 326, 327, 328, 329, 336-343, 345, 348-349, 351, 357, 367,
375, 377, 380-382, 385, 390, 402, 404, 412-414, 418-420, 422-424, 426, 447-448,
452-453, 462, 464, 465, 468, 469, 470, 471, 477, 478, 481, 483, 485,
490-493 [GS] Sundaland, 402 [FS] Sunday Telegraph, The, 41 [FS] Sungir, 183 [FS] sunspots and sunspot cycle, 45, 161-164,
373 [FS] suovetaurilia,
93 [FS] super-aurorae, brown dwarf, 501, 502 [FS] superflares (stellar), 45, 368-369,
501 [FS] supernovae (see also under novae), 95,
426 [GS] Suraj, 132, 216 [GS] Surya Siddhanta, 95 [GS] Surya, 122, 132, 133, 165, 216, 218, 233, 252 [GS],
137, 139, 228 [FS] Surya, Temple of, 233 [GS] Suryaputrah, 122 [GS] Sussman, Gerald, 180 [GS] Svalbard islands, Svalbard archipelago, 11,
13 [FS], 365 [GS] Svayambhu, 233 [GS] Svensmark, Henrik, 46-47 [FS] Svetasvatara Upanishad, 309 [GS] Svitil, Kathy, 101, 104, 210 [PS], 324, 328, 335, 469 [GS] swamps (also bogs), 42, 46, 114, 117, 122-123, 238 [PS] swans, 351 [PS] swastika, 28-29 [GS] Sweden, 17 [GS], 62, 288 [PS] Swiss Federal Institute of Technology,
13 [FS] Swiss Society of Natural Sciences,
2 [FS] Switzerland, 177 [GS], 57 [PS],
81 [FS] Syene (Aswan), 101-102 [GS] sympathetic magic (see magic, sympathetic) symposium (Greek), 6-7 [GS] synagogues, 105, 115-117, 122, 128 [FS] synchrotron radiation, 74 [PS] Syntaxis
(see Almagest) syphilis, 171 [FS] Syracuse, 108 [GS] Syria, Syrians, 62, 78, 81, 135, 209,
241 [GS], 122, 240 [FS] systems, extra-solar, 1-3, 8, 76, 268, 355-357 [PS] Szabo, Barney, 22 [FS] Szarzynska, Krystyna, 63 [GS],
106 [FS] Szebehely, V., 180 [GS] T T Coronae, 317 [FS] T Pyxidis, 317 [FS], 73, 75 [PS] T Saggitae, 317 [FS] T Tauri stars, 6 [PS] T’ien-Sing, 93 [GS] T’ien-Tchou, 237 [GS] ta Maria, Tania, 65 [FS] Ta’aroa (see also Ta’urua), 282 [GS],
312 [FS] Ta’urua (see also Ta’aroa),
56 [GS] Ta’urua-e-hiti-Matavai, 56 [GS] Ta’urua-o-rai’i-taetae’a-o-
Havai’i-i-te-tua, 56 [GS] Taanach, 116, 123 [FS] Tabernacle (Israelite), 144 [FS], 205-206, 227 [GS] Table Mountain (California), 479 [FS] Tacitus, 206 [GS] Tadmor, 212-213 [GS] Tahiti, Tahitians, 56, 141, 282 [GS],
294, 312 [FS] Tahitumu (see Ta’aroa) Taikó-mol, 197, 240, 276, 449 [GS] Tainos, 397 [FS] Talbott, David N., 124, 218, 265, 298, 325 [FS], 136,
276 [PS], 26, 137, 177, 192, 202, 215, 216, 222, 243, 261, 265, 298-299,
405, 406, 409, 410, 411, 412, 415, 417-420, 422,
439, 441, 451, 458, 459, 462-463, 486, 487, 488 [GS] Talcott, Richard, 271 [PS] Talmud, 61, 429 [GS] Talmud, Babylonian, 104 [FS] Tambora, Mount, 383 [FS] Tane, 312 [FS] Tangaloa, 197 [GS] Tanzania, 311, 313, 315 [PS] tapas,
371 [FS] tapirs, 365, 375, 383, 385 [GS], 444 [FS] Tappen, Neil, 177 [FS] tar (see naphtha) tar sands, 56, 60-61, 66 [PS] Tara, 56 [GS] Tarantula Nebula, 71 [PS] Tartarus, 275 [GS] Tasmania, Tasmanians, 3, 402-403 [FS] Tasmania, University of, 225 [PS] Tatenen (Tenen), 214 [GS] Tattersall, Ian, 181, 199 [FS] Tau Bootis, 327 [GS] Taube, Karl (illustration by), 440 [GS] Taurids, 277 [PS] Taurus (constellation), 87, 117 [GS], 54 [PS] Taylor, Frank B., 392 [GS] Taylor, J. Glen, 117, 126 [FS],
225 [GS] Taylor, Joseph, 318 [FS] Taymyr Peninsula, 3 [FS] Tchou-niou-tchi-chin, 237 [GS] Tcirkwena, 388 [GS] technology, 489 [FS] Tectonic forces (see diastrophism) [PS] tectonic uplift (see diastro-phism) [FS] Tegler, Stephen, 439 [FS] Teichert, Curt, 366 [GS] tektites & microtektites, 198, 200, 203,
208, 212, 219, 279 [PS], 438 [FS] Tel Aviv University, 333 [GS] Tempel 1, Comet, 5 [PS] Temple of Solomon (see Solomon, Temple of) Temu (see Atum) Tenen (see Tatenen) Tennesen, Michael, 294 [GS] Tennessee, 241 [FS] Tennessee, 469 [GS] Terebey, Susan, 334, 427 [GS] terella experiments, 290-291, 293,
293, 294, 295,
296, 304 [PS] Teresi, Dick, 163 [PS] Teshub, 125 [FS] Tesla, 101 [GS] Testament of Solomon (see Solomon, Testament of ) Tet (see Djed) Teta, Text of, 133 [FS], 214 [GS] Tetrabiblos,
97 [GS] Teutons, 240 [FS] Texas, 160, 471 [FS], 65, 112, 182, 202,
203, 255 [PS] Texas A&M University, 62 [FS] Texcoco, 84 [GS] Text of Teta (see Teta, Text of) Tezcatlipoca, 39, 410, 441 [GS] Thales, 105 ff. [GS] Thamus, 17, 20 [GS] Than, Ker, 12, 328-329 [PS] Thar Desert, 201, 394 [FS] Tharsis (Martian volcanic area), 401 [GS] theatre of Polycleitos the Younger, 94 [FS] theatres, 92, 94 [FS] Theogony,
279 [FS] Theophrastus, 100 [GS] Theos, 396 [FS] Thera (see Santorini) therizinosaurs, 109 [PS] thermal action & agitation, 473-474 [FS] thermonuclear & nuclear detonations (see under nuclear) theropods, 96, 106, 117 [PS] thescelosaurus, 93 [PS] Thespis, 5 [GS] Theuns, Tom, 76 [PS] Theuth (see Thoth) Thibaut, G., 96 [GS] Thompson III, William I., 54 [FS] Thompson, Eric, 153 [GS] Thompson, Lonnie, 315 [PS] Thompson, R. C., 121, 123, 163 [GS] Thomson, William, 343 [PS] Thornhill, Wallace (photograph by), 323 [FS] Thornhill, Wallace, 185, 298-300, 301,
302, 324, 339, 340, 343, 345, 349, 381, 383, 412, 419-420, 422-423, 461-463,
465, 468, 475-482, 484-489 [GS], 42-43, 149, 159-160, 256, 262, 282-283, 286, 287, 332, 369, 438, 440, 504 [FS], 74-75, 78, 81-82, 163,
166-169, 172, 240-241, 244, 327, 331, 333, 335, 337, 346, 358 [PS] Thorpe, Nick, 61, 387 [FS] Thoth (Theuth), 17, 17, 18,
20 [GS] Three Gorges Dam, 35 [PS], 416 [FS] Throne, Divine, 208 [FS] Throop, Wayne, 139 [PS] thrushes, 24 [PS] thunder, 197, 198, 200, 202 [GS],
201 [GS] thunderbolts (mytho-historical), 98 [FS] thunderbolts (terrestrial & cosmic—see also lightning), 277,
345-346, 348-349, 351 [PS], 367, 434 [FS] Tiamat, 266-267, 269 [GS], 302 [FS] Tianquiztli (see Pleiades) Tiberius Claudius Felix, 303-304 [FS] Tibet, 107 [GS], 84, 85 [FS] Tibetan Plateau, 31, 66, 84, 202, 416,
418 [FS] tidal forces, 2, 9, 138-139, 281, 282, 284,
354 [PS] tidal waves (see also tsunamis), 392, 426-427 [FS],
466 [GS], 43, 46, 67, 69, 198 [PS] tides & tidal action, 57, 375 [FS] tides (atmospheric), 253 [GS] tides (crustal)—see tides
(lithospheric) tides (lithospheric), 253 [GS] tides (oceanic), 253, 257-258 [GS] Tien Shan mountains, 3, 418 [FS] Tierney, Tom (illustration by), 130 [PS] Tierra del Fuego, 444 [FS] tigers, Bengal, 475 [FS] tigers, saber-toothed, 205, 444, 476 [FS], 65, 265 [PS] tigers, white, 475, 475 [FS] Tikhov, A. G., 18 [PS] Tilak, Bâl Gangâdhar, 260 [PS] till (see also drift), 6, 11, 62,
72 [FS] tillite, 8 [FS] Timaeus,
54 [GS] time, 195, 209, 211, 231, 258, 296-297, 370, 511 [FS], 47, 305
ff., 341, 492 [GS] TIME,
193 [PS], 468 [GS] Time, Father of, 209 [FS] Time, Lord of, 209, 212 [FS] Time (personified), 170, 240, 262, 282, 307
ff. [GS] Time-Life Books, 454 [FS] Timocharis of Alexandria, 103 [GS] Timor, 114, 403 [FS] Tinas, 241 [FS] tippe-top, 56-57, 58, 58-61 [FS] Tisdall, Paul, 215, 216 [PS] Titan (demi-god), 114 [FS] Titicaca, Lake, 314-315 [PS] Titius, Daniel, 319 [FS] Titius, Johann Daniel, 181, 182 [GS] Titius-Bode Law, 319-320, 324 [FS], 73, 179, 181-184,
186 [GS] Tlacolteutl, 40, 42 [GS] Tlascala, 241 [FS] Tlingit, 197 [GS] TMR-1, 334, 427 [GS] TMR-1C, 334 [GS] Todkopf, Oscar, 172, 174 [FS] Tohoku University, 210 [PS] Tohu, 307, 309 [PS] Tokyo, 250 [FS] Tolbert, Margaret, 55 [PS] Tollmann, Alexander, 442 [FS] Toltecs, 314 [GS] Tompkins, Peter, 47 [FS] Tonalamatl, 89 [GS] Tonatiuh, 316, 318 [GS] Tongva Indians, 436 [FS] Tonnelat, E., 168 [GS] tools (prehistoric), 169, 171, 174-177, 180-182, 193, 196-197, 199,
206, 252, 404, 427, 448, 450, 484 [FS], 129, 173, 264 [PS] Toomer, G. J., 115, 116 [GS] Topiltzin, 314 [GS] Torguerson, T., 399 [FS] tornadoes, 437, 438, 459, 463 [GS], 74,
148, 283, 284, 284-285 [FS] Toro (asteroid), 320 [FS] Toronto, University of, 58-59 [PS] Torralba, 455 [FS] tortoise (mythological), 237, 238 [GS] tortoises (see also turtles), 365,
375, 382, 385 [GS] totem pole(s), 449, 450 [GS] Toth, Nicholas, 174-175 [FS] Toxodon, 202 [FS] trade, in prehistoric times, 182 [FS] tragedy (see also drama), 92, 95 [FS] Transantarctic Mountains, 317, 318,
319-321 [PS], 369 [GS] Transbaikal mountains, 418 [FS] Tredennick, M., 54 [GS] tree rings, 164 [FS],
374-377 [GS] Tremaine, Scott, 158 [PS], Scott,
328 [GS] Tresman, Harold, 177, 192 [GS], Harold, 70 [PS] Treta Yuga, 395 [FS] Trevor-Roper, Hugh, 463 [FS] triangle, musical (primitive), 172,
174 [FS] Triassic period, 16, 194, 207, 209-210, 212, 225 [PS], 362, 365, 374,
398 [GS], 9 [FS] Triceratops,
170 [PS] Trifiletti, Daniel, 69 [GS] trilobites, 188, 208, 209, 211,
233 [PS] Trimmer, Joshua, 6 [FS] Trimurti, 231, 232, 233, 234, 239 [FS] Trinidad, 65 [PS] Trinkaus, Erik, 196 [FS] Triton (Tritos), 28 [GS] Triton (satellite), 155, 435 [FS],
187 [GS], 3 [PS] Tritonis, Lake, 28 [GS] Tritos (see Triton) Trojan War, 16 [GS] Trojans, 28 [GS] Tromsø, 286 [PS] Troodon,
255 [PS] tropics, 3, 8, 10, 17, 25, 34, 36, 87-88,
167 [FS] Troy, 28, 81 [GS] True North Gems, 341 [PS] Truran, Jr., James, 231 [PS] Tsimshian, 151 [FS] Tsuboi, Yohko, 250 [FS] tsunamis (see also tidal waves), 38, 43, 202,
203, 225, 247 [PS], 414, 437, 466-467, 471, 477, 479, 485 [FS] Tsze-wei, 237 [GS] Tuamotu Islands, 399 [FS] Tuat (see Duat) [GS] tube worms, 286, 287 [GS] Tucker, W., 472 [FS] tundra, 80-81 [FS], 263, 265 [PS] Tungus, 238 [FS] Tunguska, 75, 415 [GS] Tunguska blast (named & inferred), 195, 200 [PS] Tunguska fireball, 415 [GS] Tunguska impact, 364, 431, 441 [FS] Tunisia, 17 [GS], 180 [PS], 407,
426 [FS] Tupinambas, 481 [FS] Turekian, Karl, 199 [PS] Turk, Ivan, 171-172 [FS] Turkey, 241 [GS], 60-61 [PS], 95,
275, 277 [FS] Turnbull, Colin M., 483 [FS] turtles (see also tortoises),
365 [GS], 91, 99, 179 [PS] Turunbulun, 441 [GS] TVLM513-46546, 83 [PS] TWA 5A, 250 [FS] TWA 5B, 250 [FS] Twose, Mike, 160-161 [FS],
172 [PS] Tycho (lunar crater), 245 [PS] Tylor, Edward, 4 [GS] Tyndall, John, 262 [PS], 29,
30 [FS] Typhon, 37, 78 [GS] Tyrannosaurus Rex (& related
tyrannosaurs), 102-103, 106, 107, 109,
110, 117, 119, 170, 350 [PS] Tyre, 123 [FS], 78, 135, 432 [GS] Tyrol, 442 [FS] 12th Planet, The, 64 [FS] 2002 AW 197, 436 [FS] 2MASS 0415-0935, 149, 157, 250 [FS] 2MASS 0415-0935, 271 [PS] 2MASS1207-3932, 492 [FS] Tzab (see Pleiades) Tzolkin, 89 [GS] U U Scorpii, 317 [FS] U. S. Geological Survey, photographs by, 384, 386 [FS] U.S.S.R., 473 [FS] Uganda, 3, 25 [FS], 311 [PS] Ugarit (see also Ras Shamra), 30, 31, 223,
224 [GS], 299, 348 [FS] UK Electrical Research Association, 74 [PS] Ukraine, 182-184 [FS], 212 [PS] Ultrasaurus, 120, 123-124 [PS] ultraviolet (actinic) radiation, 15, 17-27, 31, 51, 55, 226-227,
233, 327, 332 [PS], 148, 374, 429, 473-474 [FS], 293, 482 [GS] Ulysses spacecraft, 153 [PS],
462 [GS] Unas, 20, 37, 230 [GS] Unas, pyramid of, 20, 230 [GS] Underworld (see also Netherworld),
25 [GS] Unenlagia comahuensis,
96-97 [PS] UNESCO World Heritage Site, 457 [FS] Ungnad, Arthur (illustration by), 116 [GS] ungulates, 444 [FS] uniformitarianism, 179 ff. [GS], 3, 21, 26, 413-414, 463-464,
468-470, 483 [FS], 35, 41, 188 [PS] United States (of America—see also North
America), 78, 169, 265, 276, 391, 399, 409 [FS], 61, 98, 296, 306,
307 [PS], 83, 249, 332 [GS] United States Geological Survey, 200,
220 [PS] Universe (cosmos), 27 ff., 53, 73-74, 76-77, 79, 140, 146, 156,
159-160, 164-165, 169, 187, 227, 298 [PS], 139, 146, 148, 255, 257, 276,
293, 295-298, 316, 366-367, 490-491, 494 [FS], 96, 99, 100, 163, 167, 186,
250, 298, 300, 306, 324, 405, 472, 474, 481 [GS] Universities (see under own name) University of Arizona, 468 [GS] University of Bergamo, 34, 35 [FS], 412 [GS] University of Birmingham, 405 [FS] University of California, 265, 477,
488 [GS], 35, 407, 465 [FS] University of Cambridge, 11 [FS] University of Chicago, 155 [GS],
429 [FS] University of Florida, 226 [FS] University of Hawaii, 477 [GS] University of Hong Kong, 84 [FS] University of Illinois, 295, 297 [GS] University of Lethbridge, 407 [GS] University of London Observatory, 155 [GS] University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology
and Anthropology, 267 [FS] University of Pittsburgh, 332 [GS] University of Quebec, 30 [FS] University of St. Andrews, 16 [FS] University of Tasmania, 392 [GS] University of Texas, 328 [GS] University of Texas (El Paso), 359 [FS] University of the New World, 177 [GS] University of Utah, 504 [FS] University of Wisconsin, 177 [FS] Unmoved Mover, 218 [FS] Upanishads, 439 [GS] Updike, John, 349-351 [PS] Upham, Warren, 393 [FS] Uppsala, 288 [PS] Ur, 117 [GS], 400 [FS] Ural Mountains (Urals), 3, 52 [FS] uranium, 230 [PS], 286 [GS] Uranus (deity—see also Ouranos),
280 [FS] Uranus (planet), 53, 61, 65, 154-155, 332, 341-342, 431,
435 [FS], 54, 158-159, 160, 281-282, 354,
356 [PS], 72, 181, 186-187, 266, 326, 329, 332, 382, 383, 400, 407, 411,
470, 471 [GS] Urbino, University of, 220 [PS] Urey, Harold C., 362, 463-465 [FS],
Harold, 15, 17, 195, 345 [PS], Harold, 256-257 [GS] Ursa Major (see also Great Bear),
233 [GS] Ursa Minor (Ursaea Minoris), 102, 439 [GS] Ursae Majoris (47), 470 [GS] Ursae Minoris,
188 [FS] Urt, 215 [GS] Uruguay, 70 [FS] Uruk, 106 [FS], 63, 198 [GS] Urusalim (see Jerusalem) Usener, H., 4 [GS] Ussher, Bishop, 66 [GS] Usu volcano, 421 [FS] Utah, 392 [FS], 46, 109,
208 [PS] V Vail, Isaac Newton, 140, 141 [FS], 274-275, 282, 283 [PS], 385 [GS] Vaishvanara, 310 [GS] Vaivasvata (Vivasvant), 114 [FS] Val de Bagnes,
2 [FS] Valais, 177 [GS] Valhalla, 287 [PS] Valkyries, 287 [PS] Valletta, 442 [GS] Valparaiso, 407 [FS] Van Allen belts, 296 [PS] Van Andel, Tjeerd, 24, 399 [FS] van der Waerden, B. L., 106, 265 [GS] Van Flandern, Thomas, 186-187, 471 [GS],
Tom, 322, 323, 324-331, 436, 438, 504 [FS] Van Over, Raymond, 272 [GS],
307 [FS] vanadium, 286 [GS] Vanand, 409 [GS] Vancouver (British Columbia), 151,
394 [GS] Vanderbilt University, 469 [GS] Vandermeersch, B., 196 [FS] Vanguard I, 254 [GS] varicose veins, 150 [PS] Varius Avitus (same as Emperor Elagabalus) Varro, 167, 239 [GS] Varuna, 167, 168-169, 269, 310 [GS],
306 [FS] Varuna (KBO), 436 [FS] varves, 161-164 [FS] Vatican, 293, 295 [FS], 68 [GS] Vaughan, Raymond C., 185, 189 [GS] Vaughan, Raymond, 352 [PS] Vayne, P., 90 [FS] Vedas, 96,
142, 150, 220, 306, 371 [FS], 131 [GS] Veddas, 402 [FS] vegetation (see plants) Vela (supernova), 426 [GS] Vela supernova, 260, 288 [FS] Velikovsky, Immanuel, 40, 75, 81, 89, 95,
101, 107, 108, 109, 145, 154, 176-177, 182, 189, 202, 209, 315, 322, 323, 378,
379, 407, 408, 410, 472 [GS], 42-43, 46-47, 49, 62-64, 66, 68-69, 90-91,
127, 134, 136, 151, 165, 166, 196, 247, 279, 345 [PS], 6, 8, 10, 51-53,
55-57, 59-63, 65, 71, 76, 80, 83, 84, 124, 150, 228, 289-290, 313, 314, 315, 317, 319, 322, 325, 332, 338, 342, 355, 358, 362, 366, 367,
376, 396, 411, 426, 444, 453, 469, 470 [FS] Velociraptor, 102-104, 105, 107, 118, 170 [PS] Venetz, Ignatz, 2 [FS] Venezuela, 217, 337 [GS], 445, 450 [FS], 60, 65 [PS] Venezuelan Basin, 212 [PS] Venturini, Catherine, 299 [PS] Venus (deity), 56, 80 [GS] Venus (goddess), 240 [FS] Venus (planet—see also Evening Star), 1, 3,
224, 282, 284, 323, 326-327 [PS], 23-24 , 33, 52, 54, 56, 59, 61, 62, 64,
72, 76, 78, 81, 84, 88, 90-92, 101, 118, 120, 130, 173, 180, 181, 182, 186-188,
189, 190-191, 198, 206, 208, 210, 302, 303, 315, 322, 348, 379, 381, 385, 400,
407, 408, 470 [GS], 52, 57, 105, 106, 112, 113, 153-154, 159, 228, 234,
257, 285, 332, 366 [FS] Venus tablets (see Ninsianna Tablets) Verkhoyansk Mountains, 169 [FS] Verlioka, 441 [GS] Vermont (Quebec), 426 [FS] Veronica, Mount, 316 [PS] Verschuur, Gerrit, 429 [FS] Very Large Array, 477 [GS] vestal virgins, 443 [GS] Veverka, Joseph, 151-152 [PS] Vézère River, 180 [FS] Viaud, J., 219 [FS] Victoria (Australia), 401 [FS] Victoria (B.C.), 71 [FS] Vienna Codex,
437 [GS] Viking mission (Swedish), 276 [FS] Viking Orbiter, 402 [GS] Viking orbiters, 323 [PS] Vikings, 287 [PS] Vilks, Gustav, 82 [FS] Villahermosa, 288 [GS] vine, grape (see grape vine) [GS] Viracocha (see Kon Tiki Viracocha) Virchow, 101 [GS] Virginia, University of, 355 [PS] Virginis (70), 327 [GS] Virgo (constellation & cluster),
319 [FS], 103 [GS], 76, 235 [PS] Virgo A, 146 [FS] Virolleaud, 127 [GS] Virtual Planet Laboratory (Caltech), 31 [PS] viruses, 25 [PS] Visakha, 234 [FS] Vishnu Purana, 196, 233 [GS] Vishnu, 220, 221, 228, 230-231, 232, 232, 233, 239 [FS], 233, 235, 236, 246, 310, 440, 449, 451 [GS] Vitaliano, Dorothy B., 420-421,
423 [FS], 13, 22 [GS] vitamin D, 25-26 [PS] Vitebsky, Piers, 98 [FS] Vivasvant (see Vaivasvata) Vladimirskij, B. M., 367 [FS] Voguls, 218-219 [FS], 63 [PS] volcanism (Ionian), 383 [GS] volcanism (Martian), 401, 403-404 [GS] volcanoes & volcanism (see also volcanism), 17, 19, 38, 40, 59-60, 185, 189-194, 197-199, 201, 203, 210, 219-220, 248-249,
251, 266, 304, 316, 338-339 [PS] volcanoes & volcanism (lunar), 219, 279 [PS] volcanoes & volcanism (planetary & asteroidal), 55, 152, 154, 323 [PS] volcanoes & volcanism (terrestrial), 201, 297, 404 [GS],
12, 31 ff., 47, 48, 51, 57, 62, 63, 71, 78, 358, 377, 378, 378-379, 380, 381, 381, 382, 382, 383, 383, 384, 385, 386, 393, 399, 414, 418, 420-421, 423-424, 432-434, 443, 466-467,
470-471, 478-479, 484, 488, 507, 509, 512 [FS] voles, 475-476 [FS] Volta, S., 56 [PS] Voltaire, 248 [FS] volume, 140 [PS] Völuspa,
272 [GS], 207 [FS] von Dechend, Hertha, 23, 52, 65, 146, 149, 165, 194, 201, 222,
243-244, 307, 320, 454-455 [GS] von Guericke, Otto, 291 [PS] von Humboldt, Alexander, 2, 14 [FS] Vostok, 317-318, 322 [PS] Voyager, spacecrafts, 159, 328 [PS] Voyager 1, 157, 294-295 [GS] Voyager 2, 157, 382 [GS], 338-339 [FS] Vrba, Frederick, 149, 251 [FS], 271 [PS] Vrishityavagrahakarako bhaumah, 234 [FS] Vsekhsvyatskii, S. K., 338 [FS] vultures, 65 [PS] W Wachoga, 441 [GS] Wadia, D. M., 67, 416 [FS] Wainwright, G. A., 81 [GS] Wakan Tanka, 370 [FS] Wake, Staniland, 139 [GS], 91,
396 [FS] Wakulla Springs (caverns), 427 [FS] Wales, 412 [FS] wallabies, 349 [PS] Wallace, Alfred Russel, 175 [PS],
443 [FS] walnut trees, 385 [GS] Wanadi, 217, 337 [GS] Ward, Peter, 219 [PS] Warlow, Peter, 14, 179, 184-185 [GS], 21, 38, 55-63, 65, 342,
352, 360, 364-365, 376, 398 [FS], 38, 180, 188 [PS] Warren, Stephen, 76 [PS] Warren, William F., 140 [FS], 226-227, 229, 236-237, 239, 243,
361 [GS] Wars of Gods and Men, The, 64 [FS] Warshofsky, Fred, 175 [PS] wart hogs, 351 [PS] Warwick, James, 374 [FS] Washington State, 67, 379, 385, 392-393,
421-423, 455 [FS] Washington University, 166, 219 [PS] Washington, Warren, 372 [GS] Wasson, John, 35 [FS] water spouts, 437 [GS] water(s), celestial, cosmic, 219-223, 227,
230, 280, 289, 302, 303-305, 308-309, 395, 510 [FS] Watts, Alan, 2 [GS] Watusi (Batusi), 174 [PS] weak force, 157 [PS] weapons (prehistoric), 169, 181-183, 185, 196, 206, 213, 252, 448,
450, 454-456 [FS], 129, 173, 264 [PS] weather (see meteorology) Webb, Peter-Noel, 320 [PS] Weed, William, 88, 103-104 [PS] weeds, 43 [PS] Wegener, Alfred, 143 [PS], 176,
392 [GS] Weimar, 479 [FS] Weinberg, Martin, 355 [PS] Weinfeld, M., 206 [GS] Weinstock, Maia, 271 [PS], 333 [FS] Weintraub, David, 3 [PS] Weir, John, 322 [GS] Wells, William, 175 [PS] Welt-Eis-Lehre, 275 [PS] Wescott, Roger Williams, 297 [FS] Wescott, Roger, 2, 4, 20, 139, 192, 346 [GS] Wesemael, Francois, 232 [PS] West Indies, 438 [GS] Western Desert (Egypt), 49 [FS] Weston, Connecticut, 83 [GS] Westropp, Hodder, 139 [GS], 91, 240,
245, 248 [FS] Westward Ho, 399 [FS] Wetherhill, George, 187 [GS] Wexler, Harry, 31, 33, 381 [FS] Weyer, Edward, 394 [GS], 397 [FS] Wezel, Forese Carlo, 220 [PS] whales, 206, 407, 426-427 [FS], 37, 123, 123 [PS], 492-493 [GS] Whalley, P., 221 [PS] Wharton, Robert, 294 [GS] wheat, 354 [GS] Wheeler, P., 275 [GS] Whee-me-me-ow-ah, 220 [FS] Whipple, Fred, 5, 201 [PS] white dwarf stars, 325 [GS],
335 [FS], 73, 78 [PS] White Sea, 80 [FS] White, John, 34, 48, 58, 78, 351 [FS] White, Simon, 159-160 [PS] White, Tim, 174-175 [FS] Whitmire, Daniel, 217 [PS] Whitteir, 67 [FS] Whydah, 241 [FS] Wi, 371 [FS] Wickramasinghe, Chandra, 20 [PS],
35 [FS] Wieland, Carl, 111 [PS] Wiencke-Lotz, Hildegard, 16-17 [GS] Wigand, Peter, 361 [FS] wigwam, 210 [FS] Wilby, P. R., 184 [PS] Wild 2, Comet, 5 [PS] wildebeest skeletons, 39 [PS] Wilford, Francis, 228 [FS] Will, Clifford, 166 [PS] Willerslev, Eske, 265 [PS] Williams, Darren, 154 [FS] Williams, Kurtis, 272 [PS] willows, 168 [FS] Wilson, A. T., 61 [PS] Wilson, Alex, 28-29 [FS] Wilson, Ian, 94 [FS] wimps, 249 [GS] wind chimes (primitive), 172 [FS] wind, 200, 202 [GS] Windermere, Lake, 355 [FS] Windsor, Samuel, 323 [GS] wine, 312 [GS] Winnipeg, 394, 400 [GS] Winograd, Isaac, 22-24 [FS] Winters, Jeffrey, 104 [PS], 46,
150 [FS] Wisconsin glaciation, 18, 52, 78 [FS] witch(es), 40, 41, 42 [GS] Witmer, Lawrence, 96 [PS] Wittenberg, 181 [GS] Witwatersrand, University of the, 128 [PS] Witzke, B., 360 [FS] Wohlstein, Herman, 224 [GS] Woillard, Genevieve, 263 [PS] Wolf, Josef, 185, 450, 482 [FS] Wolfe Creek Crater, 241,
241 [PS] Wolfe, Doug, 118 [PS] Wolfe, Irving, 97 [GS] Wolfe, Jack, 34 [FS] Wölfli, W., 34, 52, 388 [FS] Wollin, Goesta, 5, 488 [FS] Wolpoff, Milford, 198-199 [FS] Wolszczan, Alexander, 319 [FS] Womb House, 242 [FS] wombat, giant, 445 [FS] Wong-Shi-Shing, Compendium of (see also Compendium of Wong-shi-Shing), 306 [FS] Wood, Marion, 283 [GS] Woodleigh crater, 210 [PS] Woodroffe, Alastair, 27-28 [FS] Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution, 286 [GS] Woodsice Creek, 197 [PS] World War Two, 236 [PS], 473 [FS] Worlds in Collision, 75, 154, 176,
379 [GS] Worlds of Galileo, 499 [FS] Wrangel Island, 453 [FS] Wright, D. J. M, 171 [FS] Wright, Frederick, 379 [FS] Wright, Karen, 174 [FS], 207,
209 [PS] Wright, W. B., 27 [FS], 379 [GS] writing, 94-95, 100, 101, 489 [FS] Wu Gorge, 35 [PS],
416 [FS] Würm Glaciation, 341 [FS] Wyoming, 117, 183, 222 [PS],
446 [FS] Wyss, André, 87 [FS] X xemx (see shemsh) xenon, 430, 432 [FS] Xing, Xu, 109 [PS] Xiuhtecuhtli, 240, 240, 317 [GS] X-rays & X-ray radiation, 148, 249-251, 260, 264, 333-334, 336,
372, 429, 472-474, 500, 512 [FS], 13, 19, 82, 228, 233, 244 [PS],
477, 482 [GS] XTE J1550-564, 281 [FS] xylophone (primitive), 172 [FS] Y Ya (see Yahweh) Yah-El (see Yahweh-Elohim) Yahu (see Yahweh) Yahweh (Yahveh, Ya, Ya-hu, Yau, Yaw, Yo,
Jehovah), 108, 116-120, 122-127, 128, 128-129,
132-135, 207-208, 348 [FS], 28, 80 [GS] Yahweh-Elohim, 129, 208 [FS] Yahweh-Sedeq, 118 [FS] Yahwist tradition, 28 [GS] Yakima, 137, 220 [FS] Yakut, 219 [GS] Yakutsk, 354 [GS] Yale University, 45 [FS], 90,
342 [PS] Yama, 114, 231, 235, 306 [FS],
61, 233, 236, 270, 309, 440 [GS] Yama-antakah, 231 [FS] Yamakila(h), 233, 440 [GS] Yangtze River, 35 [PS] Yao, 94 [GS] Yapp, Crayton, 202 [FS] Yarkovski, I. O., 142, 145 [PS] Yasuda, Yoshinori, 462 [FS] Yates, Francis, 96 [FS] Yau (see Yahweh) Yaw (see Yahweh) Yellow Emperor, Yellow Lord (see also
Huang-ti), 237, 238, 264, 317 [GS] Yellowknife, 286 [PS] Yellowstone National Park, 414 [FS] Yerombalos, 123 [FS] Yerushalaim (see Jerusalem) Yerushalem (see Jereusalem) Yeuo, 123 [FS] yew, 265 [PS] Yezidis, 348 [FS] Yima, 114 [FS], 236, 309,
356 [GS] Yin-Yang, 319 [GS] Yo (see Yahweh) Yom Kippur, 108 [FS] yoni, 243, 244 [FS] Yoruba, 222 [FS], 280, 281 [GS] Yucatan Peninsula, 203, 223, 226 [PS],
306 [FS], 92 [GS] yugas,
395 [FS] Yugoslavia, 16 [GS], 16, 239 [FS] Yuki, 197, 240, 264, 271, 276, 306,
449 [GS] Yukon, 354, 394 [GS], 264,
341 [PS], 80, 82, 168, 169, 206 [FS] Yukon, Fort (see Fort
Yukon) [GS] Yulsman, Tom, 187 [GS] Yuma, 151, 152,
218, 223 [FS] Yumin, Li, 97-98 [PS] Yunnan Province, 182 [PS] Z Z (postulated planet), 34, 52 [FS] Zagreb, 83 [GS] Zaïre, 174-176 [GS] Zambesi, 482 [FS] Zamora, Ramón y, 90 [GS] Zangger, Eberhard, 340 [PS] Zank, Gary, 299 [GS], 473 [FS] Zapatero-Osorio, Maria, 335-336, 467, 469, 471 [GS], 149,
224 [FS] Zavatti, Silvio, 47 [FS] Zebaot (see Sabaoth) Zedek (see Sedeq) Zeeman effect, 332 [FS], 73 [PS] Zeilik, Michael, 366 [FS],
401 [GS] Zemel, Henry, 276 [PS], 95-96 [FS] Zephyros, 433 [GS] Zeppelinfeld, 29 [GS] Zeuner, Frederick E., 161-163 [FS] Zeus,
26, 45, 46, 47, 51, 52, 55, 56, 71, 78, 407, 408 [GS], 92, 98, 124-125, 313, 342, 347 [FS] Zhang, David, 84 [FS] Zharkov, V. N., 471 [GS] Zhenxing, 217 [GS] Zhou, Lei, 35 [FS] Ziegler, J., 124 [FS] Zimbabwe, 443 [GS] Zimmer, Carl, 179 [FS], 88-89, 109, 133, 175, 203 [PS] Zimmer, Heinrich, 96, 150, 220, 229-230, 238,
242, 371 [FS] zinc, 286 [GS] Zinsmeister, Bill, 257 [PS] Zipporah, 119 [FS] zodiac, 108, 110, 114, 116-117,
138 [GS] Zodiacal light, 290, 293 [PS] Zoller, William, 220 [PS] Zollner, Friedrich, 165 [PS] Zoque, 89-90 [GS] Zoroaster,
301 [FS] Zoroastrian religion, 114 [FS] Zoroastrians
(Parsis), 151, 265 [GS] Zorpette, Glenn, 236 [PS] z-pinches (stated & implied), 264, 268,
277 [FS] Zruan, 142 [FS], 265 [GS] Zuab (see Apsu) Zuber, Maria, 323 [PS] Zucker, Shay, 333 [GS] Zu-en (see Sin) Zuni Basin, 109, 118 [PS] Zuni, 276, 387, 389 [GS], 96, 151, 308, 310, 476 [FS] Zurich, 163 [FS] Zurvan, 142, 301-302 [FS], 265,
310 [GS] Zwicky, Fritz, 249-250 [GS],
76 [PS] Zysman, Milton, 385 [GS] Æ Æsir, 272, 457 [GS]Makiritare, 217, 337 [GS]